In Phonetic, one calls consonant a its of the human language whose mode of production is characterized by the obstruction of the passage of the air in the cavities located above the glottis. The consonants can be of two types: occlusive when the passage of the air is closed and that the sound results from its sudden opening, continuous when the passage narrows but is not stopped (fricative, side or vibrating).
A consonant is also a letter of the Latin alphabet which is used to note a its consonant. The French consonants are: B , C , D , F , G , H , J , K , L , M , NR , P , Q , R , S , T , V , W , X , Z .
One can hold the term consonant with the graphic consonants and speak about contoïdes to refer to the phons or phonemes.
API table
Classification of the consonants
A consonant can be classified according to various criteria:- By the Joint. One is interested in the phonological body concerned during the production of the sound. The consonant bears a name specifying this point: bilabial, dental consonant, velar, etc Of outclass exist for these characters.
- By the Standard of obstruction. It is about the action which carries out the phonological body. The consonant can be Occlusive, Fricative, etc
- By the Cavité of resonance. This one can be the Bouche, in which case the consonant will be Orale, or the Nez, and the consonant will be nasal.
- By the Standard of flow. If the air circulates by a central channel, the consonant is known as Centrale. If on the contrary it circulates on the sides, it is known as Latéral E.
- By the mechanism at the origin of the flow. The air can come from the lungs, and the consonant is pulmonic. Other mechanisms allow the production of a sound without requiring pulmonary air: it is the case of the click S, the Injective S and the éjective S.
- By the Voisement, i.e. if the vocal Cords vibrate or not during the emission of the sound. If they vibrate, the consonant known as is voiced (or sound). If not, it is not voiced (or deaf person).
- By the lasted of emission of the consonant.
See too
Simple: Consonant
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