Conjugation

The conjugation is, in the inflected languages, the inflection of the Verbe, i.e. the variation of the Forme of the verb according to the circumstances. One opposes it to the nominal inflection or variation. Generally, the conjugation is done according to a number of grammatical features to the number of which one can count:

  • the nobody;
  • the number;
  • the kind;
  • the time;
  • the voice;
  • the mode, inter alia possibilities.

The whole of the Forme S of the same verb constitutes its Paradigme.

Conjugation: an ambiguous term

the good use , quoted by Marc Wilmet, gives this definition of the verb:

“ the verb is a word which combines , i.e. which varies in mode, time, in voice, in person and of number. ” (it is Wilmet which boldfaces)

According to Wilmet which comments on these terms employed by Grevisse, one privileges the form then, and one does not teach any more what is a verb, but the way of recognizing it. One can be satisfied some (known as Wilmet).

The term conjugation thus indicates the morphological variations verbs indicating time, but this term means also the whole of the verbal categories which are the mode, the aspect, the voice, the person and the number. It is true that the verbs very easily take the marks of the person and the number for example. In the same way, the character made up of the made up Temps S, which however defines certain verbal drawers of the “conjugation” (made up Passé, etc), is an indication of aspect (accomplished/inacompli) and absolutely not of time.

The diversity of the marks which the verbs carry thus makes it possible to take the term conjugation in its most faithful meaning étymologiquement, namely together of the verbal marks (of the Latin conjugo , “to put (the verb) under the yoke (of a morpheme such as termination or auxiliary)”.

Simple example in French

The form of “reference” of a verb is called the Infinitif (more exactly the infinitive present ); let us take for example the verb “to eat”.

If an action in progress is described, one uses a time called “present of the indicative ”, and verb forms it depends on the relation between the speaker and the subject of the verb (the nobody) and the number of the subject:

  • ** the speaker speaks about itself: 1re nobody of the singular, I eat ”
    • the speaker speaks with another individual: 2e nobody of the singular, “you eat ”
    • the speaker speaks with another individual (or groups) about a third individual: 3e nobody of the singular, “it eats ”
  • ** the group of the speakers speaks about itself: 1re nobody of plural, “we eat ”
    • the group of the speakers speaks (politely or not) with another group or politely with an individual: 2e nobody of plural, “you eat ”
    • the group of the speakers speaks with another individual (or groups) about a third group: 3e nobody of plural, “they eat ”

If the action is finished, completed and that it is not simultaneous with another action of the account, one uses the Preterit: “he ate ”.

Note : the example thus wants to be simple incomplete; we thus do not enter subtleties, for example the abandonment of the preterit in the spoken language.

Examples of conjugations

External bonds

  • http://www.conjugaison.fr/: To learn the French conjugation by the assembly from puzzles. Free site: already 52 puzzles on line.

  • : Exercises of conjugation on line, many conjugated French verbs
  • : All conjugated French verbs + some exercises. A reference
  • : + of 8.000 conjugated verbs
  • : Site of course, in particular on the conjugation.
  • http://capeutservir.com/verbes/: Conjugation on line of 9000 verbs
  • : Conjugate all the valid verbs with the Scrabble (ODS)
  • : Free and open conjugation on line (knowledge resulting from verbist under license GNU/GPL bases).
  • : List software and sites of conjugation

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