Conference of Madrid of 1991

The Conférence of Madrid was held over three days starting from the October 30th 1991, accommodated by the Spain and jointly supported by the the United States and the Soviet Union. It was the first attempt of the international community to initiate a peace process with the the Middle East, by the means of negotiations implying Israel and the countries Arab of which the Syria, the Lebanon, the Jordan and the Palestinians. The success of the conference was to support discussions of peaces which led to the Accords of Oslo of 1993 and with the Peace treaty israélo-Jordanian of 1994.

Context

The shortly after the war of the gulf of 1991, the US president George H.W. Bush and her Secretary of State James Baker established objectives and, transmitted with the USSR of the invitation letters for on October 30th, 1991, for submission to Israel, of Syria, of Lebanon, of Jordan and the Palestinians. The Palestinian delegation was not a representation of PLO because of the relations which were not formalized yet between this organization and the State of Israel. However, of the Palestinians of the occupied Palestinian Territoires formed part and was in permanent contact with the direction of the exiled PLO with Tunis.

Unfolding

The conference did not have no means of pressure on the participants to impose any to them solution but was to be that a forum to initiate multilateral discussions. Syrians and Lebanese agreed on a position and a strategy communes.

Discussions of peace proceeded between the Arab Israelis and their three adjoining countries, while the idea took form of a solution in two stages to regulate the israélo-Palestinian Conflit: a first stage of Palestinian temporary governorship then one second to regulate the final statutes of the blocking points. The first stage leads to the Agreements of Oslo which established the Palestinian Autorité in 1993.

Results

The negotiations envisaged by this solution started immediately after the conference, the November 3rd 1991 with Madrid, and were followed of a dozen formal meetings to Washington of the December 9th 1991 to the January 24th 1994.

The multilateral discussions which started with Moscow starting from the January 28th 1992, then in European and means-Eastern capitals, organized in the shape of five forums dedicated each one to a problem to solve in the area: water, environment, the control of the weapons, the question of the taken refuge, and economic development. These discussions were cold during several years before taking again in the form of work groups starting from the January 31st 2000 in Moscow.

The bilateral exchanges started between Israelis and Palestinians continued with secret meetings and letters before leading to the signature with the White House of a Statement of principle which was based on ideas put forward at the time of the conference of Madrid but which had rejected initially by the Palestinian negotiators.

The israélo-Jordanian negotiations led to a peace treaty in 1994 while the negotiations israélo-Syrian women did not succeed, although some reported that peace was close.

The conference from Madrid made it possible Israel to have diplomatic relations with a greater number of countries such of the powers like the China and the India, but also with some other Arab countries like Oman, the Qatar, the Tunisia, the Morocco and the Mauritania.

Random links: