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In Programming, the unit test is a process making it possible to make sure of the correct operation of a given part of a Logiciel or a portion of a program.

It is a question for the programmer of testing a module, independently of the remainder of the program, this in order to make sure that he answers the functional specifications and that he functions correctly in all circumstances. This checking is regarded as essential, in particular in the critical applications. It is usually accompanied by a checking of the Couverture of code, which consists in making sure that the test led to carry out the whole (or a given fraction) of the instructions present in the code to be tested. The whole of the unit tests must be rejoué after a modification of the code in order to check that there are no regressions (appearance of new dysfunctions).

In the noncritical applications, the writing of the unit tests was regarded a long time as a secondary task. However, the method Extreme programming (XP) gave the unit tests, which it names now Tests of the Programmer, in the center of the activity of programming.

Method XP recommends to write the tests at the same time, or even before the function to be tested (TDD). This makes it possible to define the interface of the module precisely to be developed. In the event of discovered of a bug software, one writes the procedure of test which reproduces the bug. After correction one starts again the test, which should not indicate any error.

Environments of test

An environment prepared ( framework ) to carry out unit tests easily exists in principal the computer programming languages. For example Test:: More for Perl.

Frameworks xUnit

The environment of test SUnit for the language Smalltalk, created in October 1994 by Kent Beck, acquired a great popularity and was adapted to many languages:
  • Aunit for Ada;
  • JUnit and TestNG for Java;
  • DUnit for Delphi;
  • FLEXunit for Adobe Flex;
  • PHPUnit and SimpleTest for;
  • NUnit for .NET;
  • NUnitASP for ASP.NET;
  • unittest for Python;
  • Test:: Links for Ruby;
  • ASUnit for ActionScript;
  • JSUnit for Javascript;
  • and CP for C++, OCunit for Objectifies C…

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