Conclave

Derived from Latin cum clave , with key , the conclave indicates for the Catholic church the place where the cardinal gathered are locked up to elect the Pape. By extension, it designates also the assembly itself and her work. In the catholic doctrines, the conclave is held under the direction of the Holy Spirit.

History

Since 1274, the cardinals are locked up (since the 16th century in the Chapelle Sixtine, with the the Vatican), to proceed to the pontifical election. This measurement was taken following the animated election of Gregoire X, in 1271, which had lasted nearly 3 years, the conclave being held with Viterbe. At the end of 2 years and 9 months, the Roman authorities had immured the cardinals, and except the roof of the room where they met and threatened to starve them, to push them with the resolution. The cardinals then delegated this decision at a commission of six members.

To avoid new elections with extension, Gregoire X decided at the time of the council of Lyon II to keep the principle of enfermement (decree Ubi periculum ). It added new restrictions to it: at the end of 5 days of conclave, the cardinals were reduced to the bread, the wine and with water, they were to live joint without separation in the part - what caused an outcry among the cardinals.

In 1276, Jean XXI suspended measurements of Gregoire X and the long holidays of the pontifical see began again, until Boniface VIII re-establishes the Ubi periculum . Since then, all the pontifical elections took place in conclave.

Since the the Middle Ages, the methods of the conclave evolved/moved under the various popes. The February 22nd 1996, Jean-Paul II promulgated the apostolic Constitution Universi dominici gregis on the vacancy of the apostolic seat and the election of the Roman pontiff. This one lays down the methods of the conclave which élisit Benoît XVI following Jean-Paul II the April 19th 2005 and remains in force this day.

Methods

According to the current legislation, only the old cardinals of less than 80 years completed are allowed with the conclave. In addition, the pope will have to take care that the number of the cardinals voters never exceeds 120. The Gregorian discipline was softened during the centuries and Universi dominici gregis provides that the cardinals voters remain for the duration of the conclave to the Holy-Marthe pension, a modest hotel complex built for this purpose in the enclosure of the the Vatican. The voters are recluse in the Sixtine Vault to only vote.

Before the opening of the conclave, the cardinals have to evoke the future of the Church at the time of general Congregations, this in preparation of the election of the new pope. The first day of the conclave, the morning is reserved for the celebration of the mass. The afternoon is devoted to the entry in conclave, then one proceeds to a first ballot. This one can however be given to the following day. The following days, one organizes a poll the morning and the afternoon. In the event of nonconclusive results, one proceeds immediately to a new poll, which changes the number of daily polls to 4.

After each poll, the cardinals communicate the results with the rest of the world via a chimney. Indeed, the result of the vote is announced either by a black smoke (nonconclusive vote), or by a white smoke (conclusive vote). In the event of white smoke, the conclave can end and the name of the pope can be announced in the world. Fire is traditionally a fire of straw. This one is wet when a black smoke should be produced. Since the conclave of 2005, the smoke-producing ones are used in complement, to avoid confusions. Moreover, and always by preoccupation with a clearness, one decided this year to make sound the bells of Saint-Pierre in accompaniment of white smoke.

The conclave is chaired by the senior of the college of the cardinals, which is, traditionally, the bishop of Ostie and the senior of the cardinal-bishops. In 2005, Josef Ratzinger was the senior of the college of the cardinals with twenty-eight years of cardinalat. Without being a young cardinal, it was not among oldest. In 78 years, it appeared among the cardinals voters whereas the college of the cardinals counted more than 40 old cardinals of more than 80 years. He was elected pope on April 19th, 2005 and took the name of Benoît XVI.

Last conclaves


Varied

budgetary Conclave indicates in Belgium a consistent modus operandi for the government to be met as a long time as necessary to obtaining a consensus on the budget.

See too

Be-X-old: Канклаў

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