A concetti , plural of the Italian word concetto , means design, thought , and, by extension, thought brilliant . While passing in the French language, this word restricted its meaning, and it is always caught in bad share to indicate effects of words, sought thoughts, more clever than true, flashes of wit out of matter.

This expression from Italy at the time where the Cavalier Sailor shone at the court of Marie de Médicis, its protective. The subtle thoughts which had resemblance to the manner of this poet, known as Marinisme, were called “concetti”. But the process was, before the appearance of the word, already produced in France and elsewhere.

The Greek letters carry marks from there. Among the Latin authors, Ovide made the first show, in its worms, this kind of daring ornaments: Dulcibus abundant vitiis , known as Quintilien. These pleasant defects are other thing only concetti. Pline the Young person is filled by it. In Italy, Dante avoided this refinement and this Préciosité and Pétrarque, while being modelled on ancient simplicity, usually deviated from a shelf which is that of the kind that it treated. One can say of it as many Boccace, Machiavel and Arioste.

It is in the Cup that one finds the mark sensitive of a drift which was to progress soon considerably. The love of the innovation and the trouble which caused of the works coldly copied on the models of the Antiquité carried the writers of second half of to give more relief and color, to the style, more brilliance and of singularity to the ideas.

At the Cup, the concetto is always a clever and delicate feature, but which is not in its place. Costanzo and Luigi Tansillo imitated it. With Guarini and Baldi, the mania of the spirit made new progress; finally, the Riding Sailor, allured his contemporaries by true poetic talents and formed, under the name of Marinisme, a school in love with the perpetual emphase, singular ideas, word games, tirades of worms where the same idea is repeated under all its faces. Thus, it calls back-to-back, in some worms, the Rossignol:

Una voce pennuta, a suon flying

E vestito di warp end, a vivo fiato,

Una piuma will canora, a canto alato,

a spiritel' che of armonia perforates

Vive in so majestic internal organ nascosto.

It calls the pink: “the eye of spring, the flower of the flowers, the pupil of the love, the purple of the meadows”. For him, the stars are: “torches of the funeral of the day, mirrors of the world and nature, immortal flowers of the celestial campaigns”.

In its philosopher's stone, Devotes it , one finds this painting of the Amour: “Private Lynx of the light, Argus to the bandaged eyes, old man with the udder, ancient child, ignoramus scholar, warrior without weapons, speaker dumb, rich begging, pleasant error, wished pain, cruel wound of a sympathizing friend, warlike and calm peace stormy, the heart feels it and the heart does not include/understand it, voluntary madness, badly cherished, tiring rest, harmful utility, hope without hope, alive death, bold fear, painful laughter, hard glass, fragile diamond, frozen flashover, burning ice, damages eternal of discord in full agreement, infernal paradise, celestial hell”.

The style of the school of Marini is still exaggerated more than that of the Master. The stars become “burning sequins bank of the sky, luminous lambs, eternal worms luisants”. The glow-worm itself is “a small lit lantern, an incarnated candle. ” The sea agitated by the storm is “a belly inflated by the hydropisy”; fish, “, clouds, “of the air mattresses”, the watery Laurent S” because… they are threatened of the grill. A marinist wanting to explain how the torturer had had to strike several times Pompée:

Perche released aver not puo the so large uscita

Per una sola piaga alma.

Another fact of making with a shepherd, who will leave for hunting, the following reflection: “Before going to drive out, I would like to see Clizia: I would like to learn how from his beautiful eyes art to wound. ” Another addresses itself to the black eyes of a young lady:

Occhi vesliti has Bruno,

Avete forse ricciso qualcheduno?

All that there is outraged the invaluable one and of in the manner of Marini finds contained in these worms of Achillini, which is, with Preti, one of its most extravagant disciples. “I see my Lesbin with the flower of the flowers to the hand; I breathe the flower, I sigh for Pasteur; the flower sighs of the odors, Lesbin aspires the heats; I odore the odor of the one, I adore the heat of the other: odorous and adoring at the same time, I feel by the odor and the heat the ice and the torment. ”

In Spain, Góngora and Ledesma inaugurated the reign of the required style and founded two special schools of the Gongorisme and the Cultisme. The German literature had itself its translators of Italian poetry who endeavoured to imitate the brilliances defects of them. Jean Klay and the Sheep-fold of Pegnitz, Hoffmannswaldau, etc, competed of emphase and small stylistic effects, in a language badly adapted to these preciousnesses.

Although Boileau, in its table of the invasion of the points in France at the end, believed it to be able to say that they had from Italy, it is certain that before Marini, Villon, Ronsard, Saint-Froze, Passerat, Bertaut, Desportes, Marot, offered examples of this propensity to strange and the Word game. Thus, in the following worms, Marot marks the pain of the people by rattlings of sounds:

Romorentin its loss reminds,

Cognac is knocked some in its pale chest,

Anjou makes yoke, Angouleme is the same.

The concetti often mixed with the exaggeration, as in the epitaph of Helene de Boissi by Saint-Froze:

Of its values a right monument,

All the ground it entirely had

For its coffin, and large the sea licenses

was only tears, and the clear firmament.

had served to Him as a burning chapel.

Same the emphase is noticed at Malherbe, prisoner of the spirit of his time, in these worms on Pierre saint:

At this point in time its cries in thunder are burst;

Its sighs, these are winds that the oaks fight:

And its tears, which sometimes went down mollement,

Ressemblent a torrent which, high mountains,

Devastating and drowning the neighbors campaigns,

Wants that all the universe is only one element.

The famous worms of the ode with Dupérier on this life of young girl as short as the life of the pinks, became a model of gracious and touching comparison were not, in their primitive form:

And could Rosette being better only the pinks

Which live only one day,

that a feature of beautiful spirit, a word game, a concetti.

Theophilus, Saint-Lover, Moyne, etc, maintain the influence of the concetti in the high kinds. The dagger of Pyrame which “reddens, the traitor! ” to be itself soiled of blood, is a perfect concetti.

Balzac, Car, all the familiar ones of the Hôtel of Rambouillet were marinists who pushed in his last cuttings off the research of the beautiful spirit.

Under the influence of so much of examples, Corneille was never denied the concettis. One noticed, in the Golden Fleece , this word game of the Hypsipyle queen referring to the magic spells of Médée:

I have only attractions and you have charms.

Crow has these plays of beautiful spirit in its best works. Cid contains three or four stylistic effects on blood, of this kind:

This blood which, very left, still smokes of ire

to be seen widespread for others that for you.

The love of imposing often makes him link the concetti with the Emphase and it is a common image at his place that of these worms of Héraclius , where Pulchérie called to Phocas:

the vapor of my blood will enlarge the lightning

That God holds already ready to reduce it out of powder.

Voltaire was astonished by what nobody récriait against Corneille, when, in its tragedy of Andromède , Phinée called to the Sun:

Come, sun, come to see the beauty

Whose divine glare overcomes me,

And you will flee of shame

to have less clearness.

Crow had seen some and makes applaud others well, under triple influences literatures Italian, Spanish and French since the Renaissance. One quotes of Racine, at which one find few concetti, and still at his beginnings, it worms of Pyrrhus in Andromaque :

Burned of more than fires than I did not light any.

The war without mercy which Boileau against the points carried out, this French name of the concetti, was for something in their disappearance of the French Littérature.

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