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Pontiff : Latin pontifex , étymologiquement “which makes the bridge (between the gods and the men)”.

Used in the ancient Rome to designate the members of the one of the four sacerdotal colleges of the Roman religion, the pontifical college, this title currently nominates, by extension, a covered person of a crowned ministry, the minister of a religion. pontiff

In the Roman religion

With Rome, the pontiffs are in charge of the maintenance of the bridge crowned (Sublicius bridge) and to supervise the good observance of the religious practices. The load of pontiff is exerted with life, recruitment being done by co-optation. This function varied according to the times. In beginning he plays the part of Jurisconsulte, i.e. which they interpret the existing Loi S while being helped of the Augure S for the difficult problems. They create thus the first Jurisprudence and write the great treaties and collections of laws. As from the 2nd century the laicization of the right is accompanied by the opening of the function by jurisconsult to the Plébéien S. This competence is not thus reserved for the pontiffs. They also deal with the temples not having clean Clergé. Moreover they hold the files, they consign the notable facts in Large Annals, like various things like the worships, the precedents as regards right. Large Annals are held secret for a long time until the large pontiff Mucius Scaevola makes them public in -123

Recruited at the origin exclusively at the Patrician S, the Lex Ogulnia in -300 authorizes the accession with this load with the plebeian ones.

To the head of the pontifical College, their chief, the large Pontiff ( Pontifex maximus ) carries the highest title of the Roman religion and supervises the activities of the other pontiffs.

On the currencies, the pontiffs recognize themselves with the following badges, placed at their sides: the simpulum , the securis , the apex , and a kind of aspergillum that the Christian writers call sprinkler , and which was used to throw water bénite; the old Latin name of this instrument of the worship did not reach us.

In the religion Ground Invictus

Created under Aurélien and named pontifices Solis , the college of the priests of the religion Sol Invictus is useful in a temple dedicated to the Sun, located at the Champ de Mars and decorated brought back spoils of Palmyre.

In the Catholic religion

The title of Pontifex maximus is reserved for the Pape - also called sovereign pontiff ( Summus pontifex : supreme pontiff ) or Roman Pontiff ( Pontifex romanus ) - bishop of Rome, heir to the capacity of the Roman Emperors.

In a more general way, the term pontiff is used for all the bishops, in particular in the liturgy (e.g. the office of the commun run of the confessors pontiffs ), and for what refers to episcopal dignity. One speaks thus about pontifical ornaments, pontifical mass, etc…

See too

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