Communist party of the Soviet Union
The Communist party of the Soviet Union or PCUS (in Russian: Коммунисти́ческаяПа́ртияСове́тскогоСою́за or КПСС) was only the Political party in Soviet Union between 1925 and 1991.
History
In March 1898 was founded the “Parti working social democrat Russia”, or POSDR (first congress of the party with Minsk). Following division between the wing Bolshevik (i.e. majority) and the menchevic wing (minority) in 1903, the party Bolshevik constitutes later (in January 1912) as a Parti working social democrat Russia (Bolshevik) . During the Russian Revolution, the party Bolchevik seizes the political power with the insurrection of the November 7th 1917. It takes the name of “Russian Communist party (Bolshevik)” in March 1918. The right of fraction is interdict in 1921.
The Soviet Union is proclaimed in December 1922. In 1923, the party becomes officially the only party legal. It becomes the “Communist party (Bolshevik) of the USSR” in December 1925, and finally the PCUS in October 1952. The PCUS held the whole of the economic capacity and exerted a dictatorship of sole party.
The principal Média of the PCUS was the Pravda . Communist youth was organized in the Komsomol.
In August 1991, the Guékatchépé, a committee made up certain senior officials of the party, chiefs of the Army, the KGB and Ministry for the Interior, tries and misses a coup d'etat against the president of the USSR Mikhaïl Gorbatchev. Gorbatchev leaves the direction of the party then. A few days after, by Russian Presidential decree Boris Eltsine, the PCUS was dissolves and prohibits.
The current Communist party of the Federation of Russia is regarded as heir to the PCUS.
Denominations of the party
The denominations in Russian, Cyrillic alphabet and Latin alphabet of the parties are the following ones:
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Left working social democrat Russia , POSDR, 1898-1903
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Left working social democrat Russia (Bolshevik) , POSDR (b), 1903-1918
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Communist party panrusse (Bolshevik) , 1918-1925
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pansoviet Communist party (Bolshevik) , 1925-1952
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Communist party of the Soviet Union , PCUS, 1952-1991
Organization
Its structure was very treated on a hierarchical basis, the decision-making bodies being (in 1989):
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Congress of the PCUS
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Central committee of the PCUS
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Politburo of the Central committee of the PCUS
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Secretariat of the Central committee of the PCUS
Members of Politburo
Politburo is set up in October 1917: it is this authority (of five regular members in the first years) which directs the party, and thus the Russian State. The first holders are Lénine, Kamenev, Trotsky, Stalin and Krestinsky. No member of the oppositional fractions of the party (working Opposition, Group of the democratic centralism, Groups working) was member of this authority. After the death of Lénine, the opponents with Stalin are gradually excluded from it: Kamenev in 1925, then Trotsky and Zinoviev in 1926.
Until 1953, 19 of its 33 members taken up duty until 1949 died in non-naturelles circumstances. The first political office comprised eight members (five holders and three substitutes), only two died of natural death and in freedom:
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Lénine : October 1917 - January 21st, 1924 (natural death)
- Lev Kamenev: October 1917 - December 1925 (carried out in 1936)
- Nikolaï Krestinsky: October 1917 - March 22nd, 1921 (carried out in 1938)
- Joseph Stalin: October 1917 - March 5th, 1953 (natural death)
- Leon Trotsky: October 1917 - October 23rd, 1926 (assassinated in 1940)
- Grigori Zinoviev: Oct. 1917 - July 23rd, 1926 (carried out in 1936)
- Andrei Boubnov: Oct. 1917 - 1919 (carried out in 1940)
- Grigori Sokolnikov: Oct. 1917 - 1919 (death in prison in 1939)
Leaders of the PCUS
Congress of the PCUS
From 1898 to 1907: Congress of the POSDR.
Manpower of the party (1919-1945)
References
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