Communist party of Italy

The Communist party of Italy was a Political party Italy N, which existed five years of 1921 with 1926. Although its political experiment belongs to the history of the Italian Communist party with which sometimes one confuses it, it was a different entity.

Put out the law by the fascistic mode Italian of Benito Mussolini, its existence ceased at the time of the clandestine congress of Lyon (1926), the organization in exile continued under the other denomination (Italian Communist party) under the direction of a group which referred to Moscow.

Creation

The Communist party of Italy is born with Leghorn the January 21st 1921 from the scission from the Italian Socialist party because of the communist fraction which was formed in its center two years before but whose origins goes back to 1912. The fraction had already adhered to the Third International Communist born in 1919, at the time of the second congress with Saint-Pétersbourg during which it takes part in the drafting of the rules of admissions.

The scission is caused by the refusal of the congress of Leghorn to expel party the component reformist as the II congress of the international Communist requires it. The inhabitant of Turin group the new Ordre adheres to the new party as well as the current " culturaliste" carried out by Antonio Gramsci and Angelo Tasca.

Hardly more than one years after, the PSI will be divided once again what will make leave the reforming current to give rise to a new party, the unit Socialist party. After which, in 1923, there will be attempts at reunification between what remains PSI and PCd' I which did not lead because of the repression of the fascistic mode and resistances of the extreme currents inside each party. Only a group called " dei terzini" will enter the new party after having recognized the role of the International one and whose chief is Fabrizio Maffi.

The name of the party

The International Communist at the time is structured, according to a design supported by Lénine, like world sole party from where the denomination supplements " Communist party of Italy, Section of the International Communist ".

This denomination will remain until in 1943, when the International Communist is dissolved, but at least since 1924 - 1925 denomination NCV appears in the documents of the new party. The new denomination with the national adjective appears in particular after the death of Lénine, because the parties become a federation of national Communist parties.

The program

Being only one territorial section of the International Communist, PCd' I adopts the same program, the same design of the party and the same tactics adopted with the II Congresses of Moscow (1920). The official program, written in ten points, begin with that from intrinsically catastrophic nature from the capitalist system and finishes by that of the extension of the State. It is to copy on the model that Lénine outlined for the Russian party.

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The ten points which constitute the official program of the Communist party of Italy

In the current capitalist mode develops a contrast increasingly more important between the productive forces and the reports/ratios of production, giving rise to the antithesis of the interests and to the class struggle between the proletariat and the dominant middle-class.
the current reports/ratios of production are protected by the capacity from the middle-class State, which created on the system representative of the democracy, constitutes the body for the defense of the interests of the capitalist class.
the proletariat cannot break, nor to modify the system of the capitalist reports/ratios of production from where drift its exploitation, without the violent abatement of the middle-class capacity.
the essential body of the revolutionary fight of the proletariat is the political party of class. The Communist party, by joining together in oneself the part most advanced and conscious of the proletariat, links the forces of the hard-working masses, it has the role to diffuse in the masses the revolutionary conscience and to direct in the course of the fight the proletariat.
the world war, caused by incurable contradictions of the capitalist system which produced the modern imperialism, opened the crisis of disintegration of the capitalism in which the class struggle can only be solved in an armed conflict between the hard-working masses and the capacity of the middle-class States.
After the destruction of the middle-class capacity, the proletariat can be organized in dominant class only with the destruction of the middle-class social apparatus and with the introduction of its own dictatorship, i.e. by basing the elective representation of the State on the only productive class and by excluding from political straight the middle-class class.
the form of political representation of the proletarian State is the system of the councils of workers, workmen and peasants, present in the Russian revolution, beginning of the proletarian revolution and first stable realization of the proletarian dictatorship.
the necessary defense of the proletarian State against all the attempts counter-revolutionaries can be only guaranteed while removing with the middle-class and the parties adversaries with the proletarian dictatorship all means of agitation and political propaganda, and with the organizations armed with the proletariat to push back the internal and external attacks.
Seul the proletarian State will be able to take all the necessary measures with the intervention in the reports/ratios of the social economy which will allow the replacement of the capitalist system by the collective management of the production and the distribution.
By effect of this economic transformation and the transformations resulting in all the activities from the social life, the division of the company in class being eliminated, the need for the political State will be also eliminated, the gears of this one will be reduced gradually to that of the rational administration of the human activities.

A new concept of party

In two articles of 1921, a concept is developed which affirms that the body of the party is not a simple part of the proletarian class but a structure beyond the classes, already adapted to a classless society. The Révolution is not a problem of form of organization but of force. From the point of view of the organization, the party should give up the elective Démocratie, the internal hierarchy, and function " organiquement" like a biological organization, namely a cell and bodies différenciers which take part together in a whole.

In the first years of the life of PCd' I, there is no " secrétaire" , the recognized chief, by the fraction and the party, is Amadeo Bordiga (current of left). With the head of the minority currents, there is Angelo Tasca (right) and Antonio Gramsci (center).

Forces

In 1922, with the second congress, the party counts: 43000 registered voters, in particular after the arrival of the Federation of the socialist youth which leaves PSI almost complete. The party adopts a flexible structure, made up of a Committee power station of sixteen members:

Ambrogio Belloni
Nicola Bombacci
Amadeo Bordiga, THIS
Bruno Fortichiari, THIS
Egidio Gennari
Antonio Gramsci
Ruggero Grieco, EC,
Anselmo Marabini
Francesco Misiano
Giovanni Parodi
Luigi Polano
Luigi Repossi, THIS
Cesare Sessa
Ludovico Tarsia
Umberto Terracini, THIS
Antonio Borgia

The line of Tasca is not represented whereas center it remains only Gramsci, given that the other representing of Ordine Nuovo, Terracini, is classified in the left. The basic structure is composed of provincial federations, trade-union local sections, groups and clandestine organization (Ufficio Primo) for the fight against the armed bands fascistic. According to the report/ratio of the Central committee of the II Congresses (1922), at the time of the votes in the rooms of work, the motions presented by the Communists collected almost: 600000 votes.

Press agencies of PCd' I:

Rassegna comunista
It comunista
Processes It Nuovo
It sindacato rosso
Lo Stato operaio
Compagna
Avanguardia
Prometeo (since 1924)
Unità (since 1924)

Press agencies with regional diffusion:

Idea comunista (Alessandria)
Riscossa (Fossano)
It Bolscevico (Novara)
Voce comunista (Milan)
Eco dei comunisti (Casement bolt)
Adda (Morbegno)
the Commune (Como)
Lotta comunista (Vicenza)
It lavoratore (Trieste)
Delo (for the Slovenien of Trieste)
Bandiera rossa (Soaped)
It Momento (Bologna)
the lotta di class (Forlì)
Bandiera rossa (Fano)
Azione comunista (Florence)
It Soviet (Naples)
It Lavoratore comunista (Salerno)
Organizzazione (Roccella Jonica)
It proletario (Marsala)

The turning Bolshevik

In 1923 several persons in charge of the party, among which Amadeo Bordiga, is stopped by the police force and is judged for " plot against État". In this occasion, the work of the International Communist is started to revoke the left and to entrust the party to the minority of the center aligned on the positions of Moscow.

In 1924 - 1925 the International Communist launches the countryside of " bolchévisation " who obliges each party to conform to the discipline and the directives of Moscow. In May 1924, a clandestine conference of the leaders of the party is taken place with Like: on 45 secretaries of federation, 35 plus the secretary of the Federation of youths vote for the left from Bordiga, 4 for the center of Gramsci and 5 for the line of Tasca.

In 1926, with the congress of Lyon, the center receives almost all the voices of the congressmen, in the absence of most of delegated left in the incapacity to move because of controls of the fascists and the lack of support of the clandestine movements. A recourse near the International Communist against the obvious operation will be without effect. PCd' I like had conceived it that which will be called the communist left ceases existing. The organization aligned on International the " bolschévisée" continue with a new structure and a new group of leaders.

The communist left continues its action in exile, its press agency is Bilan - monthly theoretical Bulletin of the Italian Fraction of the Communist Left .

In 1926, Bordiga and Gramsci are stopped and sent in containment to Ustica. In 1927, Palmiro Togliatti and elected secretary in the place of Gramsci which meanwhile was imprisoned.

In 1930, Bordiga is excluded from the Party with the charge of Trotskisme.

In 1943, Stalin dissolves the III International one and the members of PCd' I in exile in Moscow it May 15th transforms the name into Italian Communist party. It reappears in Italy under this name, and after the fall of Fascism, it becomes a parliamentary party and the first party of number of registered voter and electoral results among those of the Italian parliamentary left wing.

Internal bonds

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