Communication and information technologies

Technologies

The TIC gather a whole of essential resources to handle Information and particularly the Ordinateur S, program S and networks necessary to convert it, store it, manage it, transmit it and find it.

One can gather the TIC by following sectors:

data-processing equipment, waiters, Computer material;
the Microelectronic and component ;
the Telecommunication S and the Data-processing networks;
the Multi-media ;
data processing departments and Software S;
the electronic E-business and media.

The first steps towards a Société of information were started at the time of the invention of the electric Télégraphe, of the Téléphone fixes, the Radiotéléphonie and, finally, of the Télévision. Internet, the mobile Telecommunication and GPS can be regarded as NTIC. The bringing together enters data processing and the télécoms date of the last decade of the XXe century; the miniaturized apparatuses “multifunction” are on the market in 2005-6 (follow-up of televisual programs on cellphone).

Advantages of the investment in the TIC

on the level of the system of Information:

Raise Productivité work for the seizure of information, therefore lowers costs. Delocalization of the Production (ex: center calls). Better knowledge of the environment, stronger reactivity vis-a-vis this environment, improvement of the effectiveness of the decision making permitted by a strategic Day before more powerful.

on the level of the structure of the Undertaken and the management of the Personal :

Less hierarchical organization, division of information. Better management of the human Resources (Recruitment, easier management of the careers.

at the commercial level:

New circuit of production thanks to the extension of the Gone potential (E-business). A fall of the Cost S of Provisioning. Development of the Innovation S as regards service S and answers to the Needs for the Consuming . Improvement of the Brand image of the Undertaken (undertaken innovating).

Limits of the investment in the TIC

Problems of Profitability:

Cost of the material of the Software , the Maintenance and the renewal.

It is frequent to see appearing a Suréquipement compared to the needs and thus an underutilization for the software.

Cost of the Training of the personnel, his resistance to change.

Cost generated by the modification of the structures, the reorganization of work, the superabundance of information.

Cost due to the sustained rhythm of the innovations (18 months) whereas the minimum duration of Amortissement is from 5 to 7 years.

not easily quantifiable Profitability.

Of other investments can be quite as beneficial:

Research and development

Staff training

Formations commercial, organisational, Logistic S.

The Universalization of the NTIC, while allowing an access standardized, 24:00 /24, since any point of the Earth, with a whole of resources (given, data-processing power), involves too perverse effects in terms of ethical safety and worsened by the Internationalization of the Regulation S: " Fun ", Blackmail, Swindle, Subversion, etc At present, one can affirm that no “world Gouvernance” arrived to a monitoring or to impose a compliance with minimal rules “famous communes”.

The opening of the countries with the NTIC

World classification

Each year, the World economic forum publishes a classification of the countries most opened with new technologies of information and communication.

2006

In the classification published the March 30th 2006, the France - which loses two places - is classified in 22e position on the same level as the Estonia. The the United States occupy the first place in front of Singapore (2nd), the Denmark (3rd), first European country, the Iceland (4th) and the Finland (5th).

2007

The classification 2007 place the Denmark in first position, followed by the Sweden and Singapore. The France loses a new place and is classified with the 23e place, between the New Zealand and the Belgium.

In Europe

In France, several poles are implied in these technologies. One can quote for example:

the LIST (laboratory of the ECA) in Grenoble;
the Pole of competitiveness Systematic in Ile-de-France;
the " Telecom Valley® ".

In Belgium and Luxembourg, several centers are fortements implied in TIC:

the CETIC, in Charleroi;
ISIC, of the Public Research center Henri Tudor,
CRID, Data-processing and Right Research center with University Faculties Notre-Dame of the Peace (FUNDP) of Namur.

The Territorial collectivities have commissions TIC:

Areas: Commission TIC of the ARF;
Common: Commission TIC of the MFA;
Departments: Commission NTIC of the ADF.

In the area Ile-de-France, ARTESI (Regional office of technologies and company of information) is charged to promote the TIC.

Terminology

Term NTIC (New technologies of information and the communication) is an invention of the engineers networks. The advent of the Internet like media of the masses and the success of the blogs, of the wikis or technologies P2P confer on the NTIC a dimension sociétale. Certain authors prefer, like made Gerard Ayache in " great confusion " , speech of Hyper-information to underline the anthropological impact of new technologies. Many Net surfers regard the Internet as a technology of relation (TR): Joel de Rosnay took again this expression in the revolt of the pronétariat: mass media with the media of the masses .

The TICC are knowledge and communication, information technologies. They add to the TIC the concept of knowledge bases and Knowledge management. In the state education, one evokes TICE rather (communication and information technologies for teaching).

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