Common hazel tree

The common Hazel tree ( Corylus avellana ), also called hazel tree , is a Arbrisseau from 2 to 4 meters height and pertaining to the family of the Bétulacée S.

It is a plant of wood, Haie S and gardens which gives an appreciated edible fruit, the Noisette. It has a flexible Bois.

Description

The tree forms a tuft from 10 to 12 branches being able to reach 3 to 4 m in height, multigaule (compound of several fine trunks). Its bark is maroon and can be detached in fine plates according to the varieties.

Its null and void sheets cordiformes are cogged with a top at a peak.

The tree flowers from January to March (according to the species and the areas). The flowers male, yellowish, form hanging ears or kittens of 6 cm, and the female flowers, very condensed, form ear drawn up. However the hazel tree is autostérile, and it is necessary thus that there are others of them to have fruits.

Its fruit, the hazel nut, is a akene (fruit with only one seed) inserted in a membranous cup, containing a single seed, rich in oil. The hazel nuts are collected about September-October.

The fruits are sensitive to the Balanin of the hazel nuts and the Puceron S (yellow Puceron of the hazel tree, green Puceron of the hazel tree).

Habitat

The hazel tree is very rustic and puts up to all the climates and all the grounds, even limestones. One generally meets it in edge of wood, in the coppices and the hedges, it is cultivated in Europe (in particular: Spain, Italy, Portugal, Greece and France) for its hazel nuts.

Reproduction

The hazel tree multiplies by Marcottage or suckering, or propagation by cutting, it is in full production starting from the age of 8-12 years and can live up to 60 years.

In Europe, the squirrel S are an important component in the reproduction of the hazel tree. They bury hazel nuts far from the tree, in order to be made food reserves, but seem to frequently forget the site of these reserves.

The autosterility of this species is due to a phenomenon of Protandrie. During the domestic culture of the hazel tree, it is thus advised to plant various varieties of hazel trees, at reduced distances, in order to multiply the chances of Pollinisation, and thus to multiply the number of hazel nuts.

Cultivated varieties

One distinguishes from many varieties of hazel trees, according to the size and the shape of the fruit, of which:

Corylus avellana

Bergeri or “Louis Shepherd” or “Hazel nut shepherdess”, Belgian origin.
White long (synonymous: Filbert with white film - White of Lombardy - Frank white), origin of the Mediterranean regions.
Butler , American origin.
Casina , American origin.
Corabel , French selection.
Coxford (synonymous: Cosford - Prolific with tender hull), English origin.
Daviana or Davidiana, early flowering
Ennis , American origin.
Fertile of Coutard (synonymous: Filbert of Algiers - Filbert of Provence - Barcelona - Commun run with striated fruits - Large Roman - white Films - Red round - White Filbert) French origin.
Gunslebert (synonymous: Gunslegen - Gunslegener - Zellernuss), early flowering.
Hall' S giant , American origin.
Empress Eugenie , late flowering.
Imperial of Trébizonde (synonymous: Fondouk de Trébizonde - Kargalak), Turkish origin .
Jemtegaard , pollinating variety.
Long of Spain .
Wonder of Bolwiller (synonymous: Giantess of the markets - Hallesche Riensen), origin of the Alsace variety, late flowering.
Negret (synonymous: Alforga - Maso - Selva - Montroig - Pobla de Mafumet), Spanish origin, early flowering.
tortuous Hazel tree or hazel tree local train, Coryllus avellana contorta with its tortuous and tangled up branches (1,5 to 2,5 m).
Nottingham .
Pauetet or Pawetet, French selection, resistant.
Round of Piedmont (synonymous: Filbert of Piedmont - Tonda gentile delle Langhe - Filbert of Piedmont - nice Round of Langhes - Gentile del Langhe), Italian origin.
Red long Synonymous: Filbert with film red - Red of Lombardy
Segorbe , vigorous and rustic, of the south-west of France.
Tonda di Giffoni , early Flowering, southern origin of Italy.
Tonda Romana , early Flowering, origin area of the north of Rome.

Other uses

The roots of the hazel tree live in symbiosis with Champignon S, in particular the Truffe. The Chêne is sometimes preferred with the hazel tree for the culture of truffles.

The flexible branches of the hazel trees are used for the Sourcier S to detect the presence of water.

Wood easy to cut, flexible device and resistant. Formerly used in Basket making, in cooperage, manufacture of canes and Cross-piece S.

With its buissonnant port, it can Indeed form very beautiful useful hedges in the Verger S., they have the advantage of serving as excellent ramparts against the Vent, of refuge to the small animals all in their providing a food of quality thanks to its hazel nuts. The hazel tree, like the Elder tree, is the host of a specific plant louse. These plant louses do not infest the others Fruit trees but nourish a diversified population of potentially active auxiliaries against the parasites of the Verger S.

External bonds

http://www.jardins.ch/info/noisetier.html
http://vincentbey.club.fr/CultureNoisetier.htm
http://les.arbres.free.fr/fiche-noisetier.php
http://nature.jardin.free.fr/arbuste/nmauric_corylus.html
http://www.pommiers.com/noisetier/noisette.htm
the hazel tree in [[bonsai]]

Random links: