Color of the eyes

The color of the eyes is a polygenetic character and is mainly given by the quantity and the type of pigments present in the iris of the eye. The human ones and the animals present many phenotypical variations relating to the color of the eyes. At the human ones, these variations of color are due to the variable proportion of Eumélanine produced by the mélanocytes in the iris. The colors chatoyantes of the eyes of many species of birds are generally determined by other pigments, such as the ptéridines, purins, and carotenoids.

Three principal elements inside the iris contribute to its color: content of mélanine of the pigmentary epithelium of the iris, content of mélanine of the iridal stroma, and cellular density of the iridal stroma. In the eyes of all the colors, the pigmentary epithelium of the iris contains the black pigment called eumélanine. There exist two major genes and others more minor which make it possible to explain the chromatic variation of the eyes at the human being. Currently, at the human being, one currently knows three Loci associated with the color of the eyes: EYCL1 , EYCL2 , and EYCL3 . These embarrassments make it possible to explain the three great types of phenotypical colors of the eyes at the human being.

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