Collioure

Collioure (as a Catalan Cotlliure , in Ibère Coconut Iliberis ) is a common French, located in the department of the the Eastern Pyrenees and the area Languedoc-Roussillon. Its inhabitants is called Colliourencs.

Geography

tourist City of the Roussillon located on the Vermilion Coast, Collioure (as a Catalan Cotlliure ) has as communes bordering: Argelès-sur-mer, Banyuls-sur-Mer and Port-Vendres. Old village of fishermen, famous for its Anchovy, Collioure is also appraisal of the artists painter S who enjoy in immortaliser his royal castle, his lanes and his coupled picturesque church with a bell-tower built on an old lathe of guet medieval E.

History

The site of Collioure was already occupied by the prehistoric men, if one believes of it various the Dolmen S listed: close to the hamlet of Rimbau (rather preserved well) to the collar del Molló (ruined) and undoubtedly to the locality Arqueta.

Excavations carried out in the glacis of the castle showed that the city existed already at sixth century BC. She played a big role in the Antiquité, being used as port at the town of Elne. Collioure is quoted for the first time in 673 in the form castrum Caucoliberi . A later text (9th century), but taking again a mention of the 5th century, gives about the same form ( Caucholiberi ). Thereafter, C-Ws communication of the type Cochliure , Cocliure develop, sometimes transformed into Cobliure or Copliure (also Coblliure , Coplliure ). Current Catalan C-W communication Cotlliure forever be most frequent. The French form developed at the 19th century.

The name is of origin ibère (ibéro-Basque for the ones, ibéro-Ligurian for others). It is composed of the root kauk (= hollow, bay) and of illiberi (= the new city), this last term having been also used to indicate the town of Elne until the 4th century.

Its castle is already quoted in 673, proof of the strategic and commercial role held by the wisigothic city at the time .

The castle and the city will then belong to the counts de Roussillon, then with the various kings who will follow one another in Roussillon: kings d' Aragon of 1172 with 1276, then kings de Majorque until in 1343, before being allocated to kings d' Aragon. Under the reign of the Kings de Majorque, the castle, entirely renconstruit between 1242 and 1280 with the detriment of a house templière which was joined to him, became royal residence, the city being for its part the first port of Roussillon. The trade, especially in the time of kings d' Aragon, was intense there: one exported in particular cloths, oil and wine, and one imported Eastern spices, fabrics and other exotic products. catholic Kings, entire Collioure and Roussillon passed under the domination of Spanish monarchy. To remove because inaccurate to see Discution on the article-->

The province was occupied of 1475 with 1481 by the king of France Louis XI, which made build fortifications with Collioure, renamed Saint-Michel, fortifications now dissimulated by posterior constructions. Its successor, Charles VIII, returned to Roussillon to Ferdinand the Catholic, whose successor Charles Quint reinforced the fortifications of the city.

In 1643, the city was taken by the armies of Louis XIV, before being annexed officially in France in 1659 by the Traité of the Pyrenees. Its strategic role was redefined by Vauban, which wanting to make a garrison town of it, shaved the old city to increase the castle, and built new forts - Saint-Elme and the Mirador . The population, threatened of deportation with Port-Vendres, obtained to rebuild the city on its current site. The church, equipped with a bell-tower arranged in an old tower of guet of the time majorquine, was devoted at the beginning of the 18th century.

In 1793, the city was occupied by the Spanish troops, and was taken again by the general Dugommier in May 1794.

At the 19th century, one notes an important economic advancement related on the expansion of fishing - success of the Anchois of Collioure - and to the wine production. This progress is blown however at the beginning of the 20th century: after a maximum of 3.846 inhabitants in 1857, one falls to 2.830 inhabitants in 1901, that is to say a loss of 1.000 inhabitants in about fifty years. The development of Port-Vendres is there undoubtedly for much.

But, at that time, Collioure knows an essential turning, which will contribute largely to its tourist development. It is indeed in 1905 that Matisse comes to paint in Collioure, where, in company of Derain, it creates the Fauvisme. Other painters will follow, in particular Albert Marquet, Juan Gris, Braque, Picasso, Dufy, Foujita and well of others. Matisse arrives at Collioure in May 1905, a few months before the term of “deer” is launched by an art critic to the living room of autumn. The artist left Saint-Tropez and Paul Signac, decided well to finish some with the Pointillisme. He invites the young person André Derain to join it; it was the departure of a friendship and a fertile collaboration. For the two painters, the summer 1905 is one moment of intense work and they produce enormously, by using “the colors which leave the tube”. All in the village inspires them: the port, the bell-tower, roofs and corners of the lanes. They also produced six portraits and self-portraits.

The population was stabilized today between 2.500 and 2.900 inhabitants permanent, but very often submerged by the flood of tens of thousands of tourists who visit each year this small Mediterranean city.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

The church Our-Lady-of-Angels and its famous bell-tower, practically surrounded by the sea on its three with dimensions.

At the beginning, the bell-tower is an old medieval headlight, announcing the position of the port of Collioure by smoke the day and fires the night. At the end of the 17th century, the medieval church on the heights of Collioure was shaven on the order of Vauban. The consuls of Collioure obtained all the same Vauban the authorization to build a new church on the reefs which close the master key. This church rests then against the headlight. Meanwhile, Vauban does not want any more a port with Collioure, it prefers deep water bay of Port-Vendres. Fact, Collioure does not need more a headlight. It consequently becomes the bell-tower of the church. But, they are only 100 years later, towards 1809 that a municipal decision is made to cover it with a cupola while taking as a starting point a model originating in Toscane.

Festivals

Each year, the festivals of the Saint Vincent proceed in the streets of Collioure, from August 14th to 18th. Historically, the procession on sea of August 16th constituted the major event of the festivals. The first took place on August 16th, 1701, in order to celebrate the arrival in the city of the relics of Saint Vincent. This celebration took place then each year until the introduction of the law of separation of the Church and the State in 1905. Since 2001 (at the time of the tercentenary one of the festivals), the procession on sea with place again.

Personalities related to the commune

  • Antonio Machado, which died there.
  • the painters Henri Matisse, Andre Derain and their friends created there the Fauvisme during the summer 1905.
  • Pablo Picasso, remained punctually in Collioure of 1950 to 1952 with the Miranda .
  • Of 1953 to 1957, Salvador Dali takes part regularly in the festivals of the city.
  • In the years 1950, the writer Patrick O' Brian (author of the novel On other side of the world whose the film Master and Commander is inspired) lives in Collioure with his Mary wife, where it cultivates the vine. Its tomb is to the cimitière of the village.
  • François Beaudire, baron Bank , (born with Collioure March 11th 1779, Paris May 11th 1832), was a general of Napoleon 1e.

Twinning

See too

  • Wines of Languedoc-Roussillon

  • Common of the Eastern Pyrenees

Images

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