College - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Origin of the word

The term college comes from the Latin collegium (of the prefix Co , “with, together” and of light , “lira”; from where “which was lily together”).

College as a group of people dividing same caratéristique

Under the Antiquity, it indicated a magistrature made up of several magistrates (called colleagues), generally named according to the number of participants. There were thus the colleges:

of both Duumvirs
of the three Triumvirs
of the four Quattuorvirs
of the six Sextumvirs
of the seven Septemvirs
of the eight Octovirs
of the nine Novemvirs
of the ten Décemvirs
of the twelve Duodécemvirs
of the fifteen Quindécemvirs
of the twenty Vigintivirs
of the twenty-six Vigintisexvirs
of the hundred Centumvirs

With the the Middle Ages, it indicated an association, a corporation, a brotherhood functioning on the principle of the Collégialité. The chief, primus inter pares (“the first among its pars”), was called “Provost” or “the Main thing”.

Today, this term remained to indicate a electoral College (without leader), the college of the cardinals, the apostolic college or a college of canon (chaired by a canon called Prévôt).

Without particular precision, the word generally indicates an educational establishment. This school (at the origin college of professors) is placed under the responsibility of a chief of establishment which kept the original title of “the main thing” (at the origin “main teacher”). This establishment can be as well laic as denominational, of State or private. The etymology of the word explains the fact that in France one designates by different titles the persons in charge of the colleges and those of the colleges: (it the) principal one (E) directs a college while the headmaster (word which means “supervisory, higher”) directs a college.

The " term; collège" thus recover extremely different realities which can vary geographically but also in time.

Historical directions of the word “college” as an educational establishment

As from the 12th century, in the whole of Europe, the colleges are complementary establishments compared to the Université S. They were often rested by pious legacies. They have the role of lodging students of the medieval universities, but also of bringing a complement of teaching, a teaching support, in particular for the artiens (those which studied in the faculty of arts).
Voir: Education with the Middle Ages like medieval Colleges
With the modern time, in France, the colleges was establishments, often held by monks, where the teenagers of the easy families followed a traditional course: these establishments correspond to the current colleges and colleges.
Voir: Education at the time modern.

Current direction of the word “college” in the French-speaking countries

In Belgium

In Belgium, the college is an establishment of secondary education covering in theory six years from 11 or 12 years. Belonging to catholic teaching, it was formerly reserved to the boys while the catholic girls attended a institute . Laic official teaching, as for him, had of Athénée S for the boys and Lycée S for the girls. All these establishments became obligatorily mixed in 1981.

In France

In Canada

With the Quebec, the college can be an establishment of private education to the secondary. However, it is more common to use the term “college” in order to qualify the institutions officially named post-secondaries colleges of mainstream education and professional, whose acronym CÉGEP became a common word.

Historically, the traditional colleges in Quebec were, before the creation of CÉGEP S by the Commission Relative, of the establishments private of secondary education and post-secondary related to the Catholic church. Several became cégeps.

The Community college (Community College in English) is connected with the cégep in several Canadian provinces. It is an educational establishment which offers courses postsecondaires for periods of two or three years. Some of the courses offered can be recognized by universities. Teaching postsecondaire technical changing also of the Community colleges. The young people acquire a formation there to enter the job market.

In certain communities of the Canadian west, the term remains however used to indicate old religious establishments become public today; thus the Louis-Riel College and the university College of Saint-Boniface to Winnipeg.

In Switzerland

Direction of the word “college” in the Anglo-Saxon countries

In the United Kingdom

With the the United Kingdom, the term college is used for many types of establishment, energy of the secondary schools at the universities:

Sixth form college S where the students, from 16 to 18 years, finish their secondary studies.
some private schools ( Public school or Independent school in English) such as the College of Eton or the Collège of Winchester are schools but use the term College in their name.
certain professional associations such as the Royal College off Organists or the Royal Royal College off Suckers and others Colleges (college royal).
of the institutions independent components of certain universities (see low).
the university colleges, of the higher educational establishments which deliver their own diplomas but which does not have the statute of university.

University and college

In the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the colleges are institutions independent components of the university, which take care of the teaching and the preparation of the students, as well as theirs life coed in general, the university taking care of the administration and the notation of the examinations of end of the year as well as the partial ones. The University of Durham enorgueillit also to be itself the third university to be had a system of colleges, but those hold only the role of residence halls or studied hearth, just like the colleges of the Université of York (The University off York).

In the United States

With the the United States, the term of college is used to indicate a short higher education, in opposition to the universities.
Voir: Education system of the United States of America.

See too

The word college indicates also other realities:

the terms apostolic College, episcopal College, Crowned College, or College of the cardinals, are in the past used by the Christian Church.

Of the professional orders the such royal College of the doctors and surgeons of Canada use sometimes the designation of “college”.
Provost of the merchants or syndic, president of a corporation.

the Collège de France, organization rested by François Ier to give university pulpits to all, including to the Protestants. It is a prestigious school which does not have a pupil but exemption with any public of the courses of high flight.

a electoral College is a group of voters receiving mandate, as deliberative body, to elect a candidate for an official function.

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