Collect

The harvest indicates the whole of the agricultural and horticultural work making it possible the man to collect the plants, fruit and vegetables (object of a culture, generally) by gathering, mowing, pulling up, and to transport them to the shelter for more or less provisional storage (in an attic, a hangar, a cellar, a silo) before consumption or transformation (family, artisanal or industrial).

Harvest does not relate to only intended products with the food. One speaks, for example, of a harvest of flax or Coton. One also speaks about “harvest” in connection with other natural products, for example the honey of the hives or the salt of thesaline ones.

The term indicates also the products collected, before or after the operation itself.

The operations of harvest remained a long time manual and generally required a Labor abundant and seasonal, which pushed to develop a necessary solidarity in the campaigns to mobilize all the arms available to the level of a community. Often harvest imposed several operations spread out in time: thus for cereals, formerly one cut corn, then one bound it in sheaves, which were then piled up out of grinding stones to supplement drying. These grinding stones were then gathered at the point of beating. During the XXe century, mechanization developed considerably in the industrialized countries, giving birth to from the machines increasingly more sophisticated. It is more and more of the motorized machines combining several operations in only one passage.

Among the reapers, emblématique is undoubtedly the Moissonneuse-batteuse, designed initially for cereals with straw (corn, barley, rye, oats) and whose employment extended to many cultures: corn, thanks to the development of nozzles gatherers, oilseeds (colza, sunflower), protéagineux (pea, field beans), etc One can also quote the Machine to gather the grapes and, more recent, the récolteuse potato or beet railcar, the récolteuse-hacheuse-loader for fodder or the corn-ensilage, etc

It should be noted that all harvests are not always easily which can be mechanized, in particular when the maturity of the products is spread out too much in time and that it is necessary to spend several times, or that the products are too fragile. It is in particular the case for certain fruits like apples. Nevertheless robots are in the course of development to replace the man. Sometimes, of the regulations are opposed to mechanization: thus some AOC prohibit the mechanical vintage.

Types of harvests

  • Haymaking: collect Foin;
  • harvest: collect Céréale S or oilseeds;
  • Grape harvest: collect Raisin intended for the Vinification;
  • Gathering: collect fruits and certain vegetables.
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