Colchicine

The colchicine is a very toxic Alcaloïde, extract at the beginning of Colchique S (plants of the kind Colchicum ), mainly the Colchique of autumn.

Its chemical formula is C 22 H 25 NR O 6. At the beginning, one used it for the treatment of rheumatisms, in particular the drop; it was also prescribed for its effects Cathartique S and emetic S. Nowadays, its role is limited to the treatment of the drop (especially acute crises), of the Periodic Disease, like in 2nd intention in the acute péricardite after failure of aspirine.

Its molecular Mass is of 399,43 g/mol. The melting point of the Racémate is approximately 277 °C.

History

The alkaloid, the colchicine was isolated in 1820 by the French chemists P.S. Furrier and J. Caventou (Furrier PS, Caventou J. Ann. Chim. Phys. 1820; 14: 69).

The Extrait from colchic was described like treatment of the drop in De Materia Medica of Padanius Dioscoride.

Later, one identified it like a tricyclic alkaloid and its effects on the drop of relief of the pain and anti-inflammatory drug were put in relation to its connection with the Tubuline, a protein.

Pharmacology

Biological function

The molecular formula of the colchicine is C 22 H 25 NR O 6. Its name is NR - heptalen-7-yl) acetamide] .

It disorganizes the Cytosquelette while binding to the Tubuline, one of the principal components of the Microtubule S. Non only that blocks the Mitose (cellular division), a process which depends extremely on the changes of the cytosquelette, but moreover that inhibits the mobility and the activity of the neutrophile S, involving an effect Anti-inflammatoire Net.

Colchicine like drug

Taste and also for Family Mediterranean fever, Amyloidosis, and Scleroderma. Gastro-intestinal Side-effects include upset and Neutropenia. Starting the drug early during year attack off taste edge exacerbate the symptoms. High amounts edge also ramming Bone marrow and lead to Weakened. It' S not used in the treatment off Cancer, intolerable ace the amount required would lead to side-effects. --> The cochicine is often prescribed to treat the goutteuse Arthrite as well as the Periodic Disease (so known under the name of Fièvre Méditerranéene Familiale - " FMF"). more recently, one with found to him applications in the treatment of the péricartites repeating or recalcitrant (Canadian studies). It can also be indicated in the treatment of cancers (for its antimitotic properties).

Toxicity

Undesirable effects (reversible) : azoospermy, leuco-neutropenia, urticaria, eruptions morbilliforme

Toxicity (Accidents of overdose) : diarrhea, nauseas, vomiting, abdominal pains, progressive neuro-muscular paralysis, leucopenia, thrombopénie, alopécie at the 10th day, convulsions, renal attack, septic shock and, finally, respiratory distress

  • Note:: the colchicine is toxic from 10 Mg and mortal beyond 40 Mg
  • Traitement: gastric washing, aspiration duodénale, antibiothérapie, reanimation

Use in laboratory

In Botanical, the colchicine is also used to modify the Chromosome S and to induce a Polyploidïe in the vegetable cells in the course of Mitose. It is also used to carry out a Caryotype.

To double the chromosomes of a given variety, the seeds are soaked 24 hours in a solution of colchicine with 0.15%. The colchicine being relatively destroying, it happens that many seeds do not survive the shock. Those which survive give seedlings pushing in an abnormal way (deformed sheets or in excess, faster growth, etc). It is necessary to be wary of the fruits produced by the first generation of these seeds because those can preserve traces of toxicity.

It is also possible to encourage the formation of a tétraploidie on a diploïde variety by applying this solution of colchicine to the young buds at any beginning of growth.

External bonds

  • Pharmacology of the colchicine

  • Feature one colchicine

Random links:Ružinov | Réunionite | Interstate 66 | Joseph Ducreux | Eleazar Wheelock | Comté_de_Perry,_Kentucky