The cognitive processes are the various modes through which:

  • natural systems: the Brain human or animal, neuron, group of individuals (fish, ants, neurons)…; and
  • artificial systems: network of neurons artificial, expert system,…;
treat the Information while answering there by an action.

The cognitive processes are:

Description of the cognitive processes

To the human beings, the cognitive processes thus return to sequences of mental operations in relation to the seizure of information, their storage and their treatment. These processes apply particularly, one indicated it higher, with what raises of perception, the memory, the thought, the language, the resolution of problem, decision making, etc It arises from work of the genetic psychology, and more particularly of the contributions of Jean Piaget and his collaborators, that during the acquisition of a new knowledge, our cognitive processes use two fundamental mechanisms:

- The assimilation , which is a work of appropriation, decoding, transformation. It is a question, in this case, of integrating a new situation into a whole of situations to which a control is already applied. Here, control (or the operation or mode of reasoning) do not change basically. What changes, it is the extent of a field of knowledge.

- The accommodation , which is, on the other hand, the transformation of a control (or an operation or a mode of reasoning) already existing, in reaction in the medium (or with the new problem to be treated). This transformation is made necessary because the usual ways of doing are not enough any more to solve the problem, i.e., to adapt.

The permanent research of a balance (called balancing ), never completely reached, between assimilation and accommodation thus constitutes for J. Piaget the fundamental process which explains the development and cognitive operation at the human being.

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