Coca-Cola

History

The Coca-Cola Company became a company since 1892.

Coca-Cola was invented by John Pemberton in 1886. It is possible that it took as a starting point the receipt of the Vin Mariani, a mixture of wine of Bordeaux and sheet of Coke created by the chemist French of Corsica origin Angelo Mariani in 1863. The first sales take place with Atlanta the May 8th 1886. The first eight months, an average of thirteen glasses sold per day is reached.

In 1887, the product is repurchased in Pemberton for: 2300 Dollars by the businessman Asa Griggs Candler which, using an intense campaign marketing will give its rise to drink.

Coca-Cola is also defined by famous “the bottle with contours”, created in 1915 by Alex Samuelson. However, the bottle with contours with the printed paper form “Coca-Cola” is recognized like a commercial own brand by the American Office of the patents only in 1960.

The drink and its publicity campaigns had a significant impact on the American Culture. One often says that the company created the modern image of the Father Christmas under the features of an old man equipped in red and Blanc, formerly green rather than red. However, if the publicity campaigns of winter in the Années 1930 took again this image, the character was already known before. The publicity campaigns showing of the Pin-up fed also much the American imagery thanks to contributions of artists such as Bradshaw Crandell or Gil Elvgren.

In addition, Coca-Cola included/understood very early the media repercussions that it could draw from the sports events. It is present on the Olympic Games since the Olympic Games of summer of 1928 (of which those of 1936 organized by the III {{E}} Reich). This quality of historical partner of the Olympic movement is undoubtedly not innocent in the choice of the town of Atlanta for the organization of the Olympic Games of summer of 1996. Coca-Cola is partner of the principal sports events today (Olympic Games, Football world cup, Tour de France…)

In the Years 1980, Coca-Cola announces definitively to modify the formula used for the manufacture of its drink. The origin of this decision would be tests as a blind man showing that people prefer concurrent drink Pepsi. Pepsi uses more lemon oil, less orange oil and vanillin in the place of vanilla. New Coca-Cola, named New Coke in the United States, is tested as a blind man and is preferred with the original receipt.

In spite of these conclusive tests and a very large publicity campaign, the new receipt is a commercial fiasco. The July 10th 1985, the company is seen forced to reconsider its steps and starts again the old formula under the name of Coca-Cola Classic (in fact, the Classic uses sugar of Maïs instead of the Cane sugar of the Coca-Cola of origin, but that should not intervene in theory on the taste of the product). The result was surprising: the total sales of two Coca-Cola were stronger after this recommercialisation.

Because a strategy of evolution of the formula of the product spread out over time would have probably been more effective, some suspectent that the company voluntarily orchestrated these changes precipice in order to present a new product which would revivify the attraction for the traditional line. The president of the Company will answer: “We were neither rather intelligent nor stupid enough for that” .

Composition of Coca-Cola

The formula of Coca-Cola current is not communicated by the firm (that of Pemberton, having been the subject of a patent, is on the other hand maintaining in the public domain… but prohibited of manufacture taking into account its ingredients).

The firm in fact, since its creation, a carefully maintained mystery. The composition of Coca-Cola is the industrial secrecy object of quasi military pace. Only three people would have access to the list of the ingredients entering its composition and to the specific rules of its preparation. Nevertheless according to William Reymond (which wrote the book Coca-Cola, the prohibited investigation .

Each manufacturer under license of drink receives the concentrate in large bottles and is satisfied to add water to it; as water does not completely have the same taste in the various areas, one can find that of Coca-Cola varies between various countries.

The original effect stimulating was produced by the Cocaïne contained in the sheets of Coca and by the Caféine of the Nut of cola. In 1906, Coca-Cola, sold like tonic for the brain, was almost private of cocaine (1/400e of grain per ounce of syrup), this proportion persisting until 1929. Technology from now on removed any cocaine of Coca-Cola. Cafeine remains with a reduced tax so that the drink preserves its stimulative dimension.

The Coca-Cola company is the largest world consumer of natural vanilla extract. Thus, when a new formula was used in 1984 for the New Coke , the saving in Madagascar collapsed. One quotes the case of the town of Barrancabermeja which would have been the theater of sequestrations and assassinations.

These charges gave place to a Boycott mark beginning 2006. Following these charges, several schools of the the United States, Europe and Canada did not renew their contract with this company and the pension funds of the employees of the town of New York, who have actions of this company, required that Coca-Cola finance an independent survey made up American and Colombian representatives of the Human rights.

The company was also strongly disputed in India, in particular with the Kerala, where she had been shown to drain ground water to manufacture her soda, with the detriment of the local peasants.

In both cases, this information was contradicted in at the end of 2006, all the charges were officially withdrawn in Kerala. Factual information is given on Internet site of the mark (Coca-Cola in France).

An international mark

One of the forces of the mark is to be itself imposed like an international mark. In almost each country where it is established, Coca-Cola installs factories and engages local labor. This method enabled him to be established even in places where the image of the the United States is not with the good shape.

One can regret however that this is also characterized by the fact that the mark was not always very looking on the level of the democracy where the respect of the human rights in the States where it is established. On this subject William Reymond, in her book Coca-Cola, the prohibited investigation , affirms that during the Second world war the mark would have maintained good relationships with the Nazi regime via its representative max Keith (whereas the mark claimed to be withdrawn in 1939). It is besides under the Third Reich, whereas the blockade prevented the routing of the ingredients of the Coke, that the mark invented the Fanta in order to be able to maintain a good relationship commercial with the Nazi regime. This new drink was thus in the beginning a " Coke-Cola" without the secret formula. Of Fanta in Germany, of Coca-Cola in France and Great Britain, the firm playing on the two tables put side its integrity in order not to suffer from the defeat of one of the two camps. Later, with many rumors Coca-Cola and of the dictatorial modes in South America associate. The financial manna is too important, and the mark is established on all the continents becoming one of the most known marks with the world.

Famous quotations

In 2004, Patrick Le Lay, fed a polemic by a sentence included in the book the leaders vis-a-vis the change and taken out of its context: “What we sell in Coca-Cola, it is time of human brain available”.

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