Co-operative action

co-operative Action - Action S (communes or joint) coordinated by agents minimalement rational according to goals, ways and means being able to be, at least under a possible description, considered as divided.

Attempts at definition

It is initially advisable to negatively define the co-operation while wondering about the action not-co-operative .

Individual action

Without engaging a precise definition of the action, let us recall simply that any elementary action is individual. This individual action is singular when it is carried out in an autonomous and isolated way, like smoking a cigarette, only walking in the countryside, etc In the communication field , a monolog is a singular action: the subject speaks itself with itself (there will be however guard to forget that the Monolog is only the interiorization of the Social dialog). Such an action falls under a social situation and a history, but it proves, in its realization, independent of the intervention of others or a social project. In this direction, it is not-collective.

Class action suits

The class action suits suppose a coordination not concerted by the agents of the goals or the forms of their individual actions. The agents do not have engagements the ones with regard to the others.

When coordination is simply induced by the circumstances, the class action suit is plural : the ends and means are essential or are suggested, case of “safe which can” and the phenomena of crowd.

When coordination is predetermined by a social device, the actions are complementary . Those can be simultaneous, such those of the driver of bus and its passenger, or differed, the such action of reading a book written by another in another time.

Co-operative actions

A co-operative action supposes the coordination deliberated and concerted by the agents themselves their individual actions in a process more or less regulated and finalized. The agents assume a common responsibility then. Thus included/understood, the co-operation is characterized according to two dimensions: its polarity and its degree.
  1. axiologiquement neutral, the concept praxeologic of co-operation admits a double polarity: positive and negative. The co-operation can as well take the form of a collaboration (according to the usual connotation of the term) where the agents are, partners, allies, that of a competition where the agents are adversaries, rivals, enemies. In both cases, the agents must be mutually regarded as people minimalement rational, who act according to a principle of co-operation monnayé in a system of rules more or less institutionalized and constraining. To build a house supposes collaboration of various trade associations, to make the war is confrontation, theoretically it such a been subject to rules. In the communication field, the conversation, maintenance are dialogs with irenic orientation whereas the discussion, the argument, the debate are more or less agonistic. The most antagonistic forms always suppose a minimum of agreement on the rules of the game which one plays together. As long as it does not turn to pure pugilism, the boxing match remains an agonistic co-operation qualified by some of “noble art”. As long as it does not degenerate into a physical confrontation, the most vehement debate remains a verbal form of co-operation.
  2. In its interactionnelle form, the co-operation can be more or less thorough. A weak form will be distinguished: the united action, and a strong form: the joint action.
A) the united action operates the coordination of the individual actions which become particular actions (identical, different or opposite) integrated into a joint project defined by goals and mutually accepted strategies. In the positive form, it is for example the action to push a car together, to play a piece of music together; in the negative form, it is for example the action to play shooting with the cord. In the communication field, a Political discourse proves to be an united action: the Orateur speaks and made promises, the public listens and is supposed to believe it.
coordination can be simultaneous, e.g. the shooting with the cord or alternate: e.g. to saw a tree with the pass key. In the socially complex methods, it can also be differed, for example the construction of a Cathédrale.

B) the joint action (or coercion) is the most sophisticated form co-operation since it coordinates different particular actions in an unforeseeable interaction. It is the case of many plays and of all the plays of language. It is what occurs at the time of part of failures, of foot, of a race of Voilier S. In these cases, the play is finished, others are open, the such economic competition , etc Concerning the communication field, the paradigm of the joint action is the dialog (that it is collaboratif or antagonistic) such as initially defined Grice. The dialog is a strong interaction whose control and control are distributed on the two interlocutors, of which the goals and the methods are negotiated during its unfolding. The epistolary exchange is a differed joint action.

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