Co-operation

The co-operation (or the mutualism ) is the shape of social organization, it frames also sometimes economic relations . It exists:

In a system based on the co-operation , the various actors work in a spirit of general interest of all the actors. That supposes a certain degree of confidence and comprehension. The co-operation is antagonistic with the Concurrence.

This article is with general vocation, the articles Coopérative and Mutuelles of health in France treats specificities of these two types of structures.

Founders (social economy)

Robert Owen (1771 - 1858) is regarded as the founding father of the modern co-operative movement. It made Fortune in the trade of the Coton and wished to improve the Work conditions and of life of its Employé S by the education of the workers and their children, the installation of Crèche S and villages Communautaire S… It successfully implemented its ideas in its spinning mill of " New Lanark " in Scotland. The first co-operative of Consommateur S (co-operative store) there was created. This success gave him the idea to create " villages off Co-opération" where the workers could leave themselves poverty by producing their clean Nourriture, manufacturer their clean Vêtement S and finally by controlling themselves. It tried to create of such Communauté S with Orbiston in Scotland and with New Harmony, in the Indiana in the United States, but without success.

Charles Fourier (1772 - 1837) is the inventor of the Phalanstère S. Jean-Philippe Buchez (1796 - 1866) initiated the workers' associations of production. Louis Blanc (1811-1882) created the social Atelier S and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) inspired the mutualism and self-management.

See also:

  • Claude Henri de Rouvroy, count of Saint-Simon
  • Frederic Play (1806-1882)
  • Charles Gide (1847-1932)

The various founders of the social economy in common have the concern of rather seeking practical proposals than theoretical. Friedrich Engels named them “socialist utopian”.

History of the co-operative movement/mutualist

principal Article: History of the social economy.

Examples of co-operation

Spirit reigning in the development of the Free software, or in the free encyclopedia which is Wikipédia.

When the term is used in ecology, it means that animal species or vegetable will draw an advantage from the presence of the other, one should not confuse this optional relationship (of which the narrower term in ecology is Commensalisme) to an obligatory relation, the Symbiose.

Specific example of the co-operative movement

Many associations of mutual aid and cooperative society and mutual insurance companies were born in various countries in the second part of the XIXe century with the blossoming of the co-operative Mouvement. The example has been taken again for a few decades in Developing country, for example on the level of agriculture or Microcrédit

Juridically , a cooperative society is a private company whose Capital is held by its clean paid, its customers or its consumers who elect the leading one. In a mutual insurance company, they are the members (users) who have this role.

The carriers of partnership shares of a co-operative are called Sociétaire S, or co-operator-associates, and not shareholders (to show the difference with the other privately held companies). The company, while having managing executives for his current management, elects a Board of directors and makes its important decisions in General meeting of her members according to the principle " a man, a voix". and not " an action, a voix".

Often, the cooperative society is assembled in Fédération S, according to a system of “reversed pyramid”. The capacity emanates from the members of the cases of bases (local cases in general), themselves controlling by their delegates the cases of 2nd level (regional cases primarily), which control in their turn the higher levels (" unions" and national central cases, international federations…). All in top, there also exists in each country a union representative of the co-operatives.

Co-operation of the National service abroad (CSNE)

The National service of the co-operation, familiarly called “coopé” was one of the many forms of existing civil service before the suspension of the Conscription in France.

To carry out a National service in the co-operation lasted longer than to carry it out in its military form (but less longer than a service of objector for example). He was carried out obligatorily abroad, either for the account of organizations dependant on the French government (embassies, schools), or for approved organizations, or for companies observing certain conditions (shareholding mainly French etc). The service of the co-operation gave place to a “allowance” definitely higher than that granted called carrying out a military service.

Initially haloed of an positive image, where one saw the young person called creating the character by giving 16 month of his work to a good cause (construction of well in the Sahel etc), coopé was quickly regarded as a good means of escaping the Military service, while profiting from track records which may undergo beneficiation. This more especially as a growing number of called co-operation profited at large companies.

Throughout its existence, the Service of the Co-operation was the object of a debate between those regarding this form of service as useful for young people and the Nation, and those regarding it as a perversion of the principle even of the conscription aiming only at providing cheap labor to great groups which could as well occur some.

To almost give reason to holding of the second interpretation, the Service of co-operation survived the suspension of the conscription in 1996 pennies a form more flexible than is the V.I.E. (International Voluntariate in Company), or a V.I.A. (International Voluntariate in Administration).

See too

Simple: Co-operation

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