The club of the Jacobins , whose company name was the Company of the friends of the Constitution, is a founded French political company with Versailles in April 1789.
History of the club of the Jacobins
This club is resulting from the Breton Club which had been given for goal not to separate before to have equipped France with a constitution. Having attracted deputies of good of other geographical horizons that only the Brittany, the club takes the name of Company of the friends of the Constitution and migrates to Paris in October 1789 in the Couvent of the Jacobins of Paris to which one the name must under which one knows it today.This company appears very quickly among most active. Its activity extends and its development is considerable, in particular in province. Companies of the friends of the Constitution or popular are created everywhere. Armand Joseph Dubernad, former deputy of the third state to Rennes and mayor of Morlaix, is the cofounder of the first club of Brittany, in 1790, with Jean-Jacques Bouëstard of the Key, which one says the best friend of Saint-Just.
In 1793, the club becomes a decisive rapid deployment force in the French political game. It draws its name from the Parisian general assemblies of Freemasons.
Its members very largely contributed to the emergence of a republican movement. The name changes besides simultaneously with the various revolutionary episodes: they become the Amis of freedom and the equality , then more simply Amis of the equality , proof of the importance which the social question in their center takes. The club thus tries to open with the popular movements and either only with the leading classes.
The opening of sections in province increases the political influence of the club of the Jacobins: 152 sections in August 1790, then 406 sections in June 1791. The rupture of July 1791 does not slow down this expansion: : 1000 sections in September 1791 and: 2000 in 1792.
The club of the Jacobins however divides after the arrest of Louis XVI (June 21st, 1791). The moderate ones found the Club of Breaking into leaf the (July 16th 1791), while the others choose the Republic. The Jacobins dominate the national Convention thanks to the mountain deputies . After the ousting of the Hébertistes, the capacity is monopolized by Maximilien Robespierre and its friends, and the club became the principal auxiliary of the Comité of public Hello. During the fall of Robespierre, the Thermidor 9 Year II (July 27th, 1794), the club is closed. It tries thereafter to be reconstituted under the Directoire.
Famous members
- Jacques Pierre Brissot
- Jacques Louis David, adheres to the club at the end of 1790 at the time of the realization of its table the Serment of the play of palm.
- Camille Desmoulins
- Joseph Fouché
- Gaspard Monge
- Robespierre
- Saint-Just
- Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
- Herault de Séchelles
- Pierre-Antoine Antonelle
- François Boissel
Origin of the name Jacobin
Jacobins was the Parisian nickname of the brothers Dominicains. The latter had founded in Paris at the 13th century a convent which depended on an Italian convent dedicated to Saint-Jacob, located at the north of Genoa close to a collar called Alto passo in Italian and the High step in French (not = collar). The Dominican convent of Paris took to him also the name of Saint-Jacob, name which was also given to the street where it rose, which left the south of the island of the City. The Dominican brothers of Saint-Jacob accepted the nickname of Jacobins, derived from the Jacques first name, in Latin Jacobus .To the XVII {{E}} century, the Dominican convent was transferred street Saint-Honore, but preserved its nickname of Jacobins. Primitive convent of the street Saint-Jacob remains only the Église Saint-Jacques-of-High-Not the.
At the XVIIIe century, the crisis of the vocations obliged the rare Dominican ones to seek resources financial by renting the refectories of the convent of the street Saint-Honore, imposing rooms being used for the meals and become useless. Thus the Company of the friends of the Constitution rented in 1789 the room known as of the Jacobins, at the same time as the National Assembly was transferred to Paris. The name of the place took the step on official name.
Current meaning
- See the detailed article: Jacobinism
The word Jacobin was since then useful designating in France the republicans in favor of a centralized democracy and an executive power extremely. During the Commune of Paris a fraction of the Council of the Commune is described as jacobine.
In 1953, there was a club of the Jacobins, near to the radical left, animated by Charles Hernu.
In 2007 the Movement Jacobin was created, wanting to be to reflect the ideology jacobine vis-a-vis the current questions. Other sites and blogs develop around the idea jacobine, which could attest of a return of this ideology to the level of the citizens.
Related articles
External bond
- Site of the Movement Jacobin
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