Clothing
A clothing is an object, in general in fabric, coming to cover part of the body.
History
See also: History of the costume
The history of clothing is related to the history of the costume initially, then with the Histoire of the mode.
Initially conceived to protect, clothing passes from a role of cockpit (simple skins of animals) to a role of tool when it evolves/moves in order to facilitate the movements then with a role of ornament when it decorates ornements.
Its progressive evolutions are also related to the specific requirements which are attached to its function: clothing of war, working clotheses, sport clothing, etc.
The rate/rhythm of transformation of clothing acélère during the 14th century because of development in the technologies and the evolution of the commercial exchanges.
Roles of clothing
Bad weather
The function of protection against the aggressions of the climate is generally recognized like the first role of clothing, primarily protection against the bad weather:- Cold: The fabrics prevent the circulation of the cold air on skin, they thus avoid the contribution of cold air against the skin and the escape of the air heated by the skin, in addition, the Fiber S of fabrics trap Air and immobilize it, but the motionless air has a very bad thermal conductivity (this effect is used for the double glazings);
- Sun: By stopping the radiations Ultraviolet S and Infra-red, they prevent the Brûlure S (Sunstroke); clear clothing reflects the total Rayonnement and protects from the Chaleur;
- Precipitations (Rain, Snow): Certain fabrics, known as “impermeable”, prevent the Eau from meeting the skin. Water is a good Caloporteur contrary to the air, used of this fact for the circuits of Central heating. The cool water or snow thus involves a very important cooling of the body.
Decency
Clothing protects the Pudeur.In many companies, it is badly seen to reveal its body and, in the majority, the Organe S sexual must be hidden. Clothing, by hiding the body, also dissimulates the primary reactions and Instinct ives (like the Goose flesh, the erection of the man) and, thus make it possible to make pass the Dialog, the reflection, before the instincts. In addition, the sight of the primary education and secondary sexual characters (genitals, buttocks, female chest) often causes a desire, an attraction; to mask these bodies makes it possible to see at the other an individual before seeing a potential sexual partner there and, therefore still to make there pass the dialog before the instinct.
One can for this reason wonder whether decency preceded clothing - as would leave it think the mask-sexes of people living almost naked, such as for example the cases péniens of Oceania or the Pagne S -, or if decency results from the masking of the body, making the vision of this one improper even when time would make it possible to discover it - to see for example the local by-law of Deauville of 1996 prohibiting the barechested apart from the beach, or testimonys of practitioners of the Nudisme (the agitation would be created by the lack).
Seduction
Certain clothing can have a mechanical role while being conceived to model the body, in particular with an aim of corresponding to some esthetic guns, like the Corset, the sheath, etc.Thus, as of the Antiquity, the women bandage the centres with a fabric in order to answer the esthetic criteria of the time.
This function diverts the role related to decency. For example, certain clothing is designed to guide the glance towards the sexual characters or to let them show through, to suggest them. One will read on this subject the article on the Décolleté S or that on the grinding clothing.
Classify and significance social
Clothing is visible. Clothing is often used to emphasize that or that which carries them, they are sometimes the sign of the social class, of the function (Uniforme of police force, of Sapeur-pompier, the Armée).They are often a factor of integration in a group (phenomena of mode, in particular of mark at the teenagers).
- Some professional garments are said to “high visibility” (color Jaune or orange Fluorescent, bands Réfléchissant be) so that the conducting S, of machine on the building sites and, of vehicles on the road, can better see them and, therefore to avoid the Accident S.
- Contrary, of another clothing have as a role the Camouflage, to make not easily visible the person in the environment, example the battle dress of the Fantassin S.
The shape or the color of clothing is frequently carrying a strong symbol. Thus in Europe, the women a long time carried exclusively dress S and Jupe S, i.e. clothing symbolically leaving the “free access” to their sex. In Europe, the Noir is the color of the Deuil and, the Blanc that of the purity, the Virginité, therefore the color of the Mariage. On the other hand, in Asia, the white is the color of mourning.
In the Moslem culture, there is no difference between the liturgical behavior and the behavior of the daily life. In Islam, the religious life and the life profane are much more overlapping one in the other, one passes constantly from the one to the other without any transition other than ablutions. Indeed, the essential function of the clothing of the daily life, it is to allow and facilitate the achievement of the prayer.
There is a continuum between the daily life and the liturgical life, five times per day (the prayer constitutes the spinal column of the existence, its axis) and clothing must facilitate this passage to adapt to the prayer.
It implies the entire man, body and heart, since it is the sequence of movements and postures (since the position upright until complete prostration). Clothing must thus be able to marry the movements of the body. In all the Moslem countries, the traditional costume is characterized by its width to allow ablutions.
Moslem clothing, him, veil the shapes of the body, not to deny them, but to relegate them to the row of the things which should be revealed only in the intimacy and which because of that must remain to hide with the eyes of crowd.
In Islam, any adult woman can be buckled, the veil is not specific of a category of " religieuses" , category which does not exist in Islam, quite simply because the distinction religious life/life profanes which justifies and develops in our eyes the veil of the Christian nuns, is not relevant in Islam: any profane life is nun, in particular any female life, or to differently express it by a formula which makes a little shock formula: Islam is a laic convent, a convent, because, as in the Christian monasteries, the women are buckled, the sexes strictly separate; " laïc" , in this direction which the sexes however meet for a normal sexual life.
Protection
Clothing has a role of protection in particular against the mechanical and chemical aggressions (scratches, Plaie S, Brûlure S).This role appears at the 17th century when the doctors who look after the pestiferous ones try to protect themselves behind ramparts from fabric.
Children's wears
See also: childish Mode
- Lange (see Shaped nappy)
- Turbulette
Sizes
See also: Sizes and sizes in clothing
One classifies clothing by their size. One distinguishes the adult sizes from the sizes children.
Maintenance
See also: Labelling for the maintenance of the textiles
Cost of a clothing
Source: clothing , M.N. Boutin-Arnaud, S. Tasmadjian, Nathan Editions, 1997. ISBN: 2-09-182472-0
Clothing and ethics
The majority of the textile products are manufactured in the Tiers-Monde, and particularly in Asia. Certain materials used are among most polluting. The culture of the Cotton, for example, uses 28% of the world Pesticide S, whereas it does not represent more than 2,5% of the cultivated grounds. The mode has a responsibility in the social and environmental main issues. In Europe, creators became aware of these stakes and propose more respectful creations of the man and environment. (Misericordia, the tennis shoes Veja, Ideo)