Clostridium tetani

Clostridium Tetani (or bacillus of Nicolaïer ) is the Bactérie Saprophyte responsible for the Tétanos at the man.

General information

It is a bacillus Anaérobie, with positive Gram, pertaining to the Clostridium which gathers many S of which certain pathogenic for the man. It is able to secrete a neurotoxic Toxine.

One meets this bacillus on the whole ground (it is known as Ubiquitaire) which exists in two forms:

a endosporulée form : when the external conditions are unfavourable, the bacillus is protected in this form which one finds in the ground and the dejections of mammals.
a vegetative form : when the conditions are favorable, the bacillus is able to secrete its toxin neurotrope and thus to cause a Infection.

Habitat

The sporulée form can be found in the ground, the intestines, the saddles of the Men and the horses.

Pathogenic capacity

Clostridium tetani is the bacterium at the origin of the Tétanos.

It releases two exoprotéines during its exponential phase of growth of which the tétanospasmine which is at the origin of the clinical signs.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is only clinical.

It is possible to seek the presence of antibody antitoxins in order to check vaccination.

Vaccination

It is possible starting from the 2 months age. Vaccination consists of the injection of anatoxines.

Three injections are carried out in one month of interval. A recall is carried out around 15-18 month, then towards 5-6 years. Then the recall is carried out every 10 years.

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