Clichy

Clichy - also called Clichy-the-Garenne - is a common , chief town of canton located in the department of the Hauts-de-Seine, in the north-western suburbs of Paris, not to confuse with Clichy-sous-Bois (Seine-Saint-Denis).

The inhabitants of Clichy are the Clichois .

It is limited to south-west by Levallois-Perret, in south-east by Paris, the North-East by Saint-Ouen and the North-West by the the Seine (opposite Asnières-sur-Seine).

Etymology

In late documents (mérovingiens) Clichy is called Clippiacum. The most probable etymology is that this word derives from the gentilices " Clepius " or " Cleppius ", or " Clippius " with addition of the termination " acus " who very expressly indicated, at the Gallo-Roman ones, a property. The translation of Clippiacum would be then " property (or villa) of Cleppius (or alternative) " The formation of the name is completely in conformity so that we know Gallo-Roman grammar and uses. This etymology is argument moreover for the existence of Gallo-Roman Clichy.

Blazon

Of mouth of three squirrel fur stakes, with the chief of gold…

Ce is the weapons of Left-handed person III of Chatillon, first lord of Clichy, in 1193, date of its assumption of responsibility. Previously the last royal lord was king Philippe Auguste. Between Left-handed person and him, an exchange was carried out with the grounds of Clichy and that of the Castle of Pierrefond.

… of a crown to the antique of mouths…

La crown is the memory of the stay of kings Francs on the territory. Mainly Dagobert Ier and its family marked their major bonds between them and the Palate of Clichy. (Manuscripts and Edicts of France).

… alongside of two huchets of same.

Les huchets (hunting horns), points out the old handing-over of royal hunting, from which name comes from Clichy-the-Garenne. In 1788, one counts fifteen hunting preserves on the territory of Clichy, where stags, roe-deers, hares and wild rabbits are maintained for huntings the king and the lords the area.

History

To the 6th century, the territory extended:

  • until the current place of Clichy and boulevards of Batignolles and Monceau.
  • until the limits of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Saint-Denis and Montmartre.

Always with the Life century, it clearly appears in a charter of Chilpéric Ier (king of the Francs), the mention of a " palacio Clippiaco ".

625: first traces in the chronicles of the Royal palace of Clippacium (Clichy). Clotaire II, father of Dagobert Ier, has there in fact installed its main home and its court since 614. The School of the Palate, which is distributed between the Latin Quarter of Paris and the plain of Clichy-Levallois , form all children of the high-ranking dignitaries of the kingdom (Saint Eloi, Saint Ouen, Saint Didier…). It is in this school, left prefiguration of the ENA, that prince Dagobert makes the meeting of all these saints who will manage with talent a few years later the kingdom of the Francs.

Clichy was a time place of residence of the kings Mérovingiens and field of Dagobert Ier (it marries Gomatrude into 626 there), it was named at the time Clippiacum. Its territory became then drives out royal.

In 626, the Concile of Clichy defends with the clerks and laic to practice wear. It results from it in all the kingdom an explosion from interest rates.

Birth, in 630, of saint Sigisbert (Sigebert III), wire of the king Dagobert Ier, with the palate of Clichy.

At the end of an exceptional assembly, being held into 633, of laic and the ecclesiastics, Sigebert III is named king of Austrasie (Francie Eastern), of Aquitaine and Provence.

A few years after having skilfully negotiated peace between the Neustrie (Western France) and Austrasie (Eastern France) with Cologne, the diplomat Saint Ouen withdraws himself in his villa of Clichy, where it dies out into 684.

In 717, Chilpéric II makes donation with the abbey of Saint-Denis of the forest of Rouvray (the single vestige of this forest is the Bois de Boulogne) which extends from Neuilly-sur-Seine (today Saint-Cloud} in Saint-Denis (Seine-Saint-Denis).

In a charter signed in 741 in Clichy, in the public palate (expression met for the first time), Charles Martel renews the donation with the abbey of Saint-Denis of all the village of Clichy, with its grounds, its buildings, its houses, its plowmen, its slaves, its vines, its close, its rivers, had by the people of one or the other sex .

In 885, the Norman ones destroy the surrounding Palais Royal and villages.

In 1193, Philippe-Auguste detaches Clichy of the royal field to make a feudal seigniory of it, in exchange of the Château of Pierrefonds, with the profit of Gaucher III of Châtillon (he will be the first lord), combined of the royal family. By successive marriages, the seigniory passes noble families in noble families.

The " part; levalloisienne " seigniory of Clichy specializes in the vine growing (1215). It must supply out of communion wines the abbey of Saint-Denis on which it depends. " Levallois " be identified then with the site of " the vine with the priests ".

Jeanne d' Arc gathers her army on the plain of Clichy for the lifting of the armies to the sound of Mount-Joye-Saint-Denis (Rallying cry of the feudal armies). This episode precedes the unfruitful conquest by Paris by Charles VII in 1429.

At the 12th century, the parish of Clichy includes Monceau, Courcelles, the Ternes, Levallois, Rolls it, the city the Bishop and extends to the doors from the Louvre (carries Saint-Honore).

In 1334, the lord of Ferrières is lord of Clichy. A conflict opposes it to the abbey of Saint-Denis on the right " of épave" , lucrative right since the Seine was great transportation routes of the time (This episode does not make it think of the island Ravageurs about which Eugene Sue speaks in " Mysteries of Paris "

About 1400, the first " appears; maire". It is not an elected magistrate, but a simple intendant charged to manage the territory in the name of the lord.

Then a new lord appears; Pierre de Giac, lord of Soupy, Josserand, Saint-Germain-of-wood-Remy, Châteaugay etc… first Great chamberlain of France, chancellor of the duke of Berry, then Chancellor of France, it died in 1427.

In the Middle Ages, the plain of Clichy, required residential place from its state of handing-over of wild rabbit for royal huntings, takes the name of Clichy-the-wild rabbit.

The Guerre One hundred Year old brings its batch of combat, Jeanne d' Arc, at the time of the head office of Paris in 1429, came to camp in Monceau before attacking the Saint-Honore door.

As of 1612, Vincent of Paul, is cleaned of Saint M3edard's Day, it rebuilds it 1622 with 1630

1690, the district of Rolls is detached from Clichy. It is set up soon in independent parish (1697) and, in 1722, he becomes integral part of Paris. The " end of the seigneurie" of Asnières is close, this one falls, by marriage, in Guillaume Bautru who, with his death leaves two girls, one married with the marquis de Vaubrun, the other with the count de Maulevrier, brother of famous the Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Minister for King Louis XIV. These two personalities jointly manage the inheritance of their wives, but they die prematurely in the service of the king; because they excercent both the military trade. Marguerite Bautru, marchioness of Vaubrun becomes the single owner. She occupies really the castle seigneurial and devotes herself to multiple work of enlarging and embellishment relating in particular to the repair of the park of the castle.

In 1788, Clichy loses a third of its territory. Louis XVI grants to the farmer general, the construction of an enclosure absorbing the grounds clichois located beyond current Place of Clichy. The wall is built in extreme cases of current the boulevard of Clichy, of the Batignolles, Courcelles and Monceau.

About the revolutionary age, the first Municipal council meets on February 3rd 1790 and elects Georges Soret in the capacity as first mayor of the commune.

Always at that time, the principal clichoise activity is the laundry (it mainly established at the edge of the Seine, street of the Laundrette and the Tank and in the borough, street of the Feeding trough)

In 1793, Bernardin, old religious, request and obtains the name change of Clichy-the-Garenne as a Clichy-the-Patriot before taking again his name in 1795.

At the beginning of the XIXe century, the construction of the railway line Paris-Saint-Germain will isolate the west from Clichy (following the example other communes such as Colombes and the variation of Wood-of-Doves future Wood-Doves)

As of 1822, Jean-Jacques Perret lance on this territory an operation of scale. It launches the construction of allotments, but its operation fails, which results in to involve it in one fulgurating Faillite. Following that, Nicolas Eugene Levallois takes again the allotments, this time the operation is a great success.

In the obligation to leave Boulogne or it had bought the glassmaking of his father-in-law, Louis-Joseph Maës (future mayor of the city) installs, in 1842, its new factory in the commune. Under the impulse of Louis Clémandot, director of crystal manufacture, Louis-Joseph Maës seeks to develop novel methods and to develop original matters for its future creations, as well on the level of perforated as on the level of colorings. These innovations will be worth with the Cristallerie of Clichy an international repute. They will be rewarded with the World Fairs since 1850. Crystal manufacture ceases any activity since 1896.

In 1846, the Municipal council of Clichy authorizes the name of “Levallois village” to this district of the city. The Municipality, represented by Louis Joseph Maës (mayor of 1858 to 1870), contributes by its action to develop the “Levallois village” to this its residents require their independence.

In 1860, Clichy acquires its final territory at the time of the annexation by Paris of the territories of the old communes which were inside the fortifications of Thiers. The part of the old commune of Batignolles-Heap located outside the line of defense was then allotted to Clichy.

In 1866, Napoleon III promulgates a law creating commune of Levallois-Perret, this one fascinating effect on January 1st, 1867.

The City Jouffroy-Renault, built at the end of the Second Empire in the years 1870 - 1880, is the first important realization in the field of the social housing in Clichy. This city, built in a dead end by the architect Leon Henri Picardy known as Picardy Hervey, is made up of 76 similar houses, made up of a surmounted stage of a roof, and a small small garden in front. It is founded in 1865 by Mrs. Thénard, widow of the younger brother of Louis-Jacques Thénard (1777-1857), erudite chemist promoted baron of the Empire by Napoleon 1st. The houses are then rented with commitments to sell, payable in 15 years by monthly payments. A system which thrived much nowadays, but which, financed by an ordinary person, then represented a means of possibility of home-ownership very " social". This city is representative of the effort carried out at the 19th century by middle-class men and industrial " philanthropists ".

In 1889, a young lavender field will make well speak about it, it acts of more known Louise Weber… under the name of Goulue, " immortalisée" by Henri of Toulouse-Lautrec.

In 1910, it is the beginning of industrialization. The architects Paponot and Simoneta build the warehouses of the Printemps Later (currently occupied by FNAC), those will be classified historic building.

1938, Jean Proven, at the request of the commune, draws the future House of the People, this one will be built of 1938 with 1940.

In 1948, the company Bic settles in the commune. She will celebrate her 60 years of presence, on the territory of the commune, in 2008. To date, it employs 8.500 worker in the world including 500 at the head office of Clichy.

Demography

Administration

The Canton of Clichy contains only part of the commune. The other part belongs to the Canton of Levallois-Perret-North.

Mayors of Clichy

Public integrity

Twinnings





Decentralized co-operation


Historic buildings

  • House of Vendôme . Built in at the end of the 17th century, the house is renovated for the actress Francoise Moreau, the mistress of Philippe de Vendôme. Classified historic building in 1983, the building is then acquired by the municipality which undertook to restore it.

  • Hospital Beaujon . Built of 1930 to 1935 by the architect Jean Walter. “It constitutes a true architectural innovation then: it is the first hospital nonsuburban monobloc, the 13 stages being supposed to combine the economic advantages of a vertical structure and the hygienic virtues of altitude. It referred to the hospitals of on the other side of the Atlantic and in France the nickname " was worth to him; of hospital skyscraper ".

Personalities

The city and the 7th art

Several turnings took place in Clichy, in particular:

Establishments of higher education

Transport

See too

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