Clavicle
The clavicle is a Os of the upper part of the former Thorax, placed between the higher point of the Sternum and the top of the shoulder. Its total form is that of a " s" , this clavicle is a lengthened bone which does not have q' a épiphyse located at the level of the articulation sterno-claviculaire, the other end not being épiphyse since not resulting from an ossification enchondrale. It has two ends (whose épiphyse) It has an outgrowth, the tuber deltoïdien, which corresponds to the insertion of the muscle deltoïde.
Higher face
The higher face of the clavicle gives insertion to the Muscle deltoïde on its external and former third, with the trapezoid on its external and posterior third.
On its internal and former two thirds, the large behind pectoral fits whose fits the surface cervical aponévrose. (The clavicle presents a tuber, called tuber deltoïdien at the distal end of the surface cervical aponévrose.)
Behind of this aponévrose the muscles fit sterno-cléïdo-occipital and sternocleidomastoid (the Sternocleidomastoid muscle being located behind sterno-cléïdo-occipital Muscle). Whereas the muscle sterno-cleïdo-hyoïdien or sterno-hyoïdien fits into the posterior edge of the internal part.
On the posterior part of the higher face of the clavicle and always on its internal two thirds, the aponévrose cervical average fits.
Lower face
The lower face of the clavicle is dug in its medium by a gutter (located on one the median third of the clavicle) inside which fits the Muscle subclavier.The posterior lip presents the insertion of the aponévrose clavi-pectoro-axillaire as well as the insertion of the ligament coraco-claviculaire medial.
Under this posterior lip the feeder hole of the clavicle is present.
The médiale part of the clavicle has an articular surface articulating with the Sternum prolonged to its posterior part by a light outgrowth called stop of Farabeuf.
Outside this surface, fit the ligaments costo-claviculaire and the muscle sterno-cléïdo-hyoïdien, this last fitting into the level of the posterior edge of the clavicle and the ligament costo-claviculaire nearer to the former edge.
The médiale part of the clavicle is flattened and has an articular surface ahead answering that of the acromion according to an oblique axis looking in inside. Concurrently to this articular surface fits the trapezoidal Ligament (insertion forms some whose base is located along articular surface and the top on the tuber conoïde).
Located inside the Ligament conoïde the tuber conoïde is on which the ligament conoïdien fits.
Clavicles at other species
In the mammals
The clavicles are absent in the watery Ongulé S, mammals and are very regressed at the Mammifère S Carnivore S.In the dinosaurs and the birds
In the birds the two clavicles are amalgamated in only one odd bone which one names the furcula or fork . It is a character shared with some Dinosaure S:In 1924, the publication of an anatomical drawing of Oviraptor showing a fork passes unperceived, then in 1936, at the University of Berkeley, Charles Camp discovers the complete skeleton of small a Théropode of the Jurassic inferior who has clavicles. More recent work shows, more generally, the presence of clavicles at many théropodes related with the birds. It is one of the morphological elements which has among understanding that the Oiseau X derive from the Dinosaure S.
See too
Related article
- Fracture of the clavicle
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