Claude Javogues
Claude Javogues , born the August 29th 1759 with Bellegarde-in-Drill (the Loire), shot the October 10th 1796 with Paris, is a French political personality.
Before the Revolution
Oldest son of an officer of National Forestry Commission, notary and prosecutor of the lord of the manor of Flowers, it makes studies with the college of Montbrison, before being placed as clerk near the royal prosecutor of this city. Bachelor of law of the university of Valence in 1785, it is registered with the bar of Montbrison, where it exerts until 1792.
Under the Revolution
Ordering national guard, he is elected administrator of the directory of the district of Montbrison (the Loire) in 1791 then appointed with the Convention, fourteenth on fifteen with 480 votes out of 814 voters, by the department of the Rhone-and-Loire the September 9th 1792. Sitting on the benches of the Mountain and affiliated to the Club of the Jacobins of Paris, he votes death at the time of the Procès of Louis XVI, informant: “To preserve the hearts pusillanimes love of tyranny, I vote for death in the twenty-four hours” and combat the Girondins, but its role is unobtrusive.Envoy the July 20th 1793 to fight the federalistic insurrection in the Saône-et-Loire, his mission lasts seven months, on a territory extended soon to the the Rhone-and-Loire and the Ain, then limited to the Département of the Loire during his creation. He enters to Saint-Chamond - renamed “Valley-Rousseau” - the September 7th and with Montrond-the-Baths the 12, he installs a revolutionary tribunal in the Lyonese. In September 1793, he announces to the inhabitants of Montbrison, who had supported the Lyoneses, “that blood would run like water in the streets” and that the city would be called Montbrisé. He decides to shave the ramparts of the city, débaptise the city and makes set up a column infâmante. In the Ain, he proclaims that “the building of public prosperity could be consolidated only by the destruction and on the corpse of the last of the decent people”. Then, forsaking the Head office of Lyon and the pacification of Ain, it ensures the reconquest and the organization of the Saône-et-Loire. Marked by egalitarianism, it transforms a loan compulsory into tax on the rich person with Armeville, promotes the opening of popular companies (those passing to 59 per 237 communes), multiplies the inspection committees, sends police chiefs in all the department, tries to constitute a revolutionary army of 1200 hommeset supports the Déchristianisation.
Anxious from excesses of his/her colleague who has it, in addition, treated of counter-revolutionary and enemy of the people, showing it of leniency with regard to Lyon and enrichment, Georges Couthon obtains that Convention recalls it under eight days the February 8th 1794. Translated in front of convention, Claude Javogues is returned in front of the Comité of public hello the 23 Ventôse and retracts his charges the 1st Floréal. He and Couthon are reconciled.
Remaining in a careful reserve, it is not worried the 9-Thermidor. However, denounced by the administrators of Borough-the-Queen the 19 Floréal Year III then, the 25, by a petition of inhabitants of the department of the Rhone-and-Loire, it is issued of arrest the June 5th 1795, after the germinal failure of the insurrections of the 12 and the 1 {{er}} meadow year III, for its sympathies with the insurrectionists and his action during the An II.
Decree a little later it profits in October 1795 from the general amnesty voted the 4 Brumaire An IV by Convention after the ratification of the Constitution of year III.
Under the Directory
Subscribed with the Powerful orator of People , Claude Javogues attends the one of the meetings of the secret directory of the Conjuration of Equal the. After the discovery of the conspiracy the May 10th 1796, it is suspected of having taken share with the Affaire of the camp of Grenelle in September 1796. In escape the shortly after the business, it is stopped and condemned to died by a military council to the Temple It is shot the October 10th 1796.
Sources
- François Wartelle, “Javogues Claude”, in Albert Soboul (to dir.), historical Dictionary of the French revolution , Paris, PUF, 1989 (rééd. Quadriga, p. 594-595)
- Dictionary of the French members of Parliament of 1789 to 1889, volume 3, p. 410
- Dictionary of the French members of Parliament of 1789 to 1889, volume 3, p. 411
- Jean Tulard, Jean-François Beech, Alfred Fierro, History and dictionary of the French revolution , Paris, Robert Laffont, collection Books, 1987