Claude Bourguignon , born in 1951, is an engineer Agronome French, famous for its work and experiments on the microphone Biologie of the ground S. Doctor be-sciences and founder of the LAMS: Microbiological analysis laboratory of the Grounds, it works in France, but also in Europe, America and Africa.

It is among the first, in the years 1970, has to have alerted on the fast degradation of the biomass and the richness of the grounds in micro-organisms and microscopic Champignon S, like on the loss of Humus and capacity of productivity of the European agricultural grounds, or the grounds to which one applied the same methods in tropical or subtropical climate. It contributed to develop alternative techniques which proved very effective, but which requires a good technicality and knowledge of the ecological operation of the grounds.

Biography

Claude Bourguignon is an agricultural engineer trained with the agronomic National institute Paris-Oil cake (INA P-G), like Rene Dumont. He initially worked with INRA (Pulpit of agronomy) where its work (method of measurement of the biological activity of the grounds) caused little interest, even the rejection. Seeing by its statements of biological activity that the grounds cultivated in ploughing with contributions of chemical Manures and Pesticide S lost their population microbial and fungic, and would die by also losing their nutrients and by eroding in an accelerated way, it became one of the promoters, developers and specialist in the techniques in restoration and safeguarding of the agricultural grounds by respectful techniques in the life in the ground and in its operation as a complex agro-ecosystem.

Its tools and concepts are always used by the biological or biodynamic farmers who have grounds much more active and rich in organizations living and biodiversity that those of agriculture known as “conventional” where sometimes one does not find almost any more trace of life.

The Ploughing and the techniques of Intensive agriculture continue nevertheless to be used. Claude Bourguignon estimates that one loses today on an agricultural ground of conventional agriculture on average “10 tons of ground per hectare and per annum” (with cases where 100 tons per annum are reached and by ha in the zones where the ground is more fragile (ex basin of the Canche in the Pas-de-Calais, in the north of France)

Claude Bourguignon is in addition lecturer and trainer, member of the Company of ecology, the American company of Microbiologie, teaching with the first French pulpit of Pédologie and microbiology of the ground (Beaujeu). He deplores the absence of official pulpit of microbiology of the grounds to the INRA or in France (since the sector microbiology of the grounds of the Institut Pasteur was closed), which resulted in the lack of training into microbiology in the pedologists and agronomists.

In the Eighties, it develops a method of measurement of the microbiological activity of the grounds and notes that in Europe, 90% of the microbiological activity of the grounds were destroyed.

It is also (with its Gabucci-Burgundian Lydia wife, engineer IUT) directing and founder of the LAMS ( microbiological Analysis laboratory of the grounds ) which produces analysis chemical, ecological and biological of the agricultural grounds (or others, Golf S for example), in order to help the farmers or their managers to obtain better outputs, by a better knowledge and taken into account of the operation of the grounds.

Creed

It estimates that European agriculture obligatorily will have to change because it is not competitive any more (92% of the farmers disappeared in 50 years), survives only thanks to the subsidies, and generates products of bad quality.

It wishes that husbandries change and that one learns how to cultivate a ground without eroding it. It disputes the Dogme which consists in believing that the ground is an inert support which requires that one adds to it Engrais making the plants sick and kind to use Pesticide S to look after them. It indicates that the ground, far from being inert, contains 80% of the biomass and does not require any manure and thus any pesticide. It also recommends to change the practices relating to the species cultivated by replacing for example the culture of the Maïs (too much consuming water and little adapted to the European climate) by that of the Sorgho.

He preaches the return to the Haie S and an agriculture agro - sylvo - pastoral and explains why the only means of making reappear a dead ground is the massive use of the fragmented Bois raméal.

Publications

Ground, ground and the fields (ED. Manufacture/Blood of the Earth. 1989 -), expert of the ground near the EEC. The constant passage of the ground at the laboratory, of the policy to fundamental, enables him to have an comprehensive approach of the ground.

References

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