See also: Secrecy-defense
A classified information is a Sensitive information whose access is restricted by a Loi or a payment with a specific group people.
An enabling is necessary to have classified documents or to reach classified data. There are generally several levels of sensitivity, classified by a hierarchical system of the secrecy used potentially by the whole of the governments. The action to assign a level of sensitivity to a data is called classification of the data .
The objective of a classification is to protect information against an employment likely to harm the national security.
Although the systems of classification differ from a country with another, the majority of between-them have levels corresponding to those below definite (the corresponding English terms are in italic). The levels are classified higher with low:
Very secret ( Secret Signal )
Secret ( Secret )
Confidentiel ( Confidential )
Restreint ( Restricted )
Not classified ( Unclassified )
When a governmental administration wishes to share information with an administration of one or more foreign governments, a specific classification is generally employed, with the prior agreement of the correspondents.
For example, of the sensitive informations shared by the allies of NATO are classified in four levels of classification: Cosmic Secret Signal (CTS), Secret NATO (NS), NATO Confidential (NC) and NATO Restricted (NR). A special case exists for not classified information NATO: NATO Unclassified (NU). Classified sensitive informations NATO are the property of NATO and cannot be made public without the permission of the organization.
Also, a European defense organization, whose name is OCCAR, has three levels of classifications: Secret OCCAR, OCCAR Confidential, OCCAR Restricted.
The system of classification of information in the United States of America east currently established according to “Executive Order 13292” and has three levels of classification: confidential, secret, and secret signal. The United States had also a Restricted level during the Second world war, but this level is not used any more today. The Freedom off Information Act (FOIA) gives access to certain types of information, provided that they are not covered any more by the Secret defense.
See also: Information classified in France
France uses 4 classifications of information. There are of them three for the information classified (Very Secret Defense, Secret Defense and Confidential Defense) and for not-classified information (however divided into four categories). There exists a mention Spécial France , but it is not a classification with whole share.
Great Britain currently uses four levels of classification. Bottom to the top, it there a: Restricted, Confidential, Secrecy and Secret Signal. Those which handle this classified information must have the level of enabling necessary, and sign a specific document most of the time (" Official Act" Secrecies;). The not classified governmental documents are stamps " Not protectively marked".
As well as the United Kingdom, the Zealand News employs the restricted level, which is lower than Confidentiel. Restricted classified information is not intended for a general diffusion but is not classified either in the strict direction of the term. “Restricted” is often used to control the updates of reports/ratios or other documents before those are officialized.
One can have access to restricted or confidential information with the authorization of his head of department, enabling being necessary only for the levels Secret and Very secrecy.
Source: NISPOM app. B
The private companies often use clauses of confidentiality. One thus sees appearing in certain sensitive documents of the stringcourses entitled " Confidential industriel".
US " NISPOM" manual, explaining rules one classified information among other things - full title is " National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual".
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