Clara Zetkin

Clara Zetkin was a Enseignant E, Journaliste and political Femme German Marxiste . It is an historical figure of the Féminisme.
It was born Clara Eissner the July 5th 1857 with Wiederau, in Saxony and died with Arkhangelskoïe, close to Moscow, the June 20th 1933.

Après to have been member, until in 1917 of the social democrat Left, it joined the social democrat Parti independent of Germany to find itself there in the left wing which the Ligue Spartakiste constitutes. This wing will give rise to the Communist party of Germany whose Clara Zetkin will be appointed with the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic of 1920 with 1933.

Biography

Girl of a teacher, Clara Eissner intends itself for teaching. As of the middle of the years 1870, she attends the feminist movements, taking part in the discussions of the Allgemeinen Deutschen Frauenvereins ( General association of the German women ) and she starts to adhere to mobility Socialiste. In 1878, it breaks with its family and adheres to SAP, ancestor SPD, left prohibited by Bismarck the same year. It is exiled then with Zurich where it meets the Russian revolutionist Ossip Zetkin then with Paris in 1882. Although they are not married, Clara takes the name of his/her companion of which it will have two children. Ossip Zetkin dies in 1889. Clara will marry in 1899 with the painter Friedrich Zundel, with whom it will remain married until 1928, by preserving the name of Zetkin.

In Paris, it takes an active part in the foundation of the Second International where it claims the complete equality of the professional and social rights of the woman like her active participation with the Class struggle.
Of return in Germany after the abrogation of the laws anti-Socialists, it develops the femininist movement Socialiste, founds in 1891 the review of the socialist women, Die Gleichheit ( the equality ) which it will publish until in 1917, and militates without slackening for the women's rights. In 1907, at the time first International Conference of socialist women with Stuttgart, Clara Zetkin is indicated with the presidency of the international secretariat of the socialist women.

The March 8th 1910, at the time of the 2nd International Conference of the socialist women with Copenhagen, it proposes the creation of the international day of the women , day of annual demonstration in order to militate for the right to vote, the equality between the sexes, and the Socialisme . This initiative is at the origin of the International Journée of the Women, demonstration which proceeds every year the March 8th.

It takes part in the left wing of SPD, and becomes very close to Rosa Luxemburg. Adverse in the First World War, it takes part with Rosa Luxemburg in creation in 1915 of the league Spartakiste and it takes many pacifist actions, in particular organizes a pacifist International Conference of the socialist women in 1915 with Berlin, which will be worth to him to be stopped on several occasions.

The German Révolution of November 1918 makes it possible the feminist movement to obtain the right for the women to vote and be elected. Clara Zetkin adheres to the Communist party of Germany (KPD - created in December 1918 around the league spartakist). She is then appointed KPD of 1920 to 1933. Clara Zetkin is close to Alexandra Kollontaï within the International one, but will be found during the years 1920 very isolated politically. It consequently carries out a career within the KPD, member of the central Bureau until in 1924 then member of the Central committee of 1927 with 1929. It will be also member of the Comintern of 1921 with 1933. In August 1932, chairing the Reichstag as an senior, it will invite to fight the Nazisme.

Forced to flee Germany after the arrival of the Nazis to the capacity and the prohibition of KPD, she dies a few weeks later in exile in Moscow. Its opposition to Stalin caused doubts when with the natural character of its death. The tomb of Clara Zetkin is along the walls of the Kremlin, on the Red Place.

Its principal combat were the fight for the suppression of the Capitalisme and the introduction of the Socialisme, for the Right to vote of the Femme S, the right to the Divorce and the free Union, the equality between the sexes.

The German Democratic republic paid homage to Clara Zetkin while making be reproduced its portrait on the tickets of 10 marks.

See too

External bonds

Biography of Clara Zetkin, on the site of March 8th

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