Cladoxylales
The Cladoxylales or Cladoxylopsides are a group of fossil plants known of the Dévonien to the lower Carbonifère. Fossils of Cladoxylopsides in compression or permineralized were found in the United States, in Venezuela, in Belgium, in Morocco, in China, in Australia. Cladoxylopsides present resemblances to the Sphénophytes and the ferns (Filicophytes). However their relationships with these two groups and another contemporary fossil group, Iridoptéridales, remain irresolute.
Recent work shows that this group had a varied anatomy and a morphology. Certain kinds were arborescent. It is the case of Eospermatopteris/Wattieza , which composed the oldest forest known , of average Dévonien age (385 million years), found in the state of New York, in Gilboa. These fossils were known for a long time in the shape of mouldings of trunks called Eospermatopteris . It is into 2007 that the whole plant was reconstituted and its membership of Cladoxylopsida shown.
Another kind of Cladoxylopside of average Dévonien is Pseudosporochnus , which is rebuilt like small a 3 height m tree.
Other forms are known, in particular the kind Pietzschia in Dévonien higher and the kind Cladoxylon than the Carboniferous inferior.
Cladoxylopsides arborescent had a port pointing out the current tree ferns. However these plants did not have a Feuille S but of the three-dimensional final bodies. The reproduction was done by Spore S as at the Sphénophytes or the Fougères. Cladoxylopsides were homosporées: they produced one type of spores.
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