Clématite

Kind Végétal ( Clematis ) including/understanding approximately 200 long-lived species Herbacé be with woody stock and of climbing plants, semi Ligneuse S, Persistant be or Caduque S, of the family of the Renonculacées, alive in both hemisphere S, in particular in Europe, in the the Himalayas, in China, Australia, North America and power station, and cultivated for their abundant very decorative flowering.

There exists more than 400 Cultivar S , generally with large flowers. Because of diversity of the species: long-lived herbaceous from small sizes, Shrub S climbing or spread out, climbing plants reaching from 10 to 15 meters height , the aspect of the clématites varies considerably.

Sheets

the sheets are sometimes opposite, sometimes alternate, glabrous or pubescent, simple, are tripalmées, pennate or are bipennées, with the whole edge or irregularly cut out. The climbing species cling to the support or the plant host by the means of the petioles transformed into gimlets.

Flowers

the flowers , bisexuées, are solitary or grouped in Cyme S or Panicule S. They present 4 to 10 Sépale S, with very variable dimensions and forms. The clématites are cultivated for their generous flowering, often followed feathery, decorative, gray fruits silver plated.

Some, like Clematis recta , are odorous. Use the climbing forms to furnish a Pergola, a trellis-work, an arch, a Tonnelle or a wall, to even equip the branches with a large shrub or a small tree. Cultivate the herbaceous species in the solid masses.

Classification

the clématites are divided into 3 groups, according to their requirement of culture:

Group 1

Species with early flowering: these clématites carries small flowers in January or in March, on the growths of the previous year. They are liked in sheltered but sunny situation, in a well drané ground. Sheets green average, glossed, persistent or null and void, divided into 3 leaflets lancéolées from 9 to 12 cm length or entoères, oblong and finely cut out, 5 cm length. Simple flowers, in opened small bell, from 2 to 5 cm in diameter. Rustic plants. Examples of clématites of the group: Clematis alpina and C. Montana .

Group 2

Cultivars early with large flowers: these clématites flowers between May and July, on the side growths of the stems of the previous year, then in August - September, at the end of the growths of the year. The sheets, null and void, pale green with average green, are made up of 3 oval leaflets with lancéolées from 10 to 15 cm length or simple and oval measuring from 7 to 10 cm length. The flowers are drawn up, simple, semi-double or double, generally out of broad cut, from 10 to 20 cm in diameter. These plants are rather rustic, the rigorous winters can compromise their precocity.

Group 3

Is subdivided in 3 categories:

Cultivars late with large flowers : these clématites flowers from July to September on the growths of the year. The sheets, null and void, pale green with dark, are made up of 3 oval leaflets with lancéolées from 10 to 15 cm length or are simple and oval measuring from 7 to 10 cm length. The flowers, simple, open towards outside, form a broad cut from 7 to 15 cm in diameter. Good rusticity.

late Species and cultivars with small flowers : these clématites flowers from June to October on the growths of the year. The sheets, from 2 to 15 cm of length, null and void, pale green with dark or greenish grey, pennate or are bipennées, with lancéolées, or simple and lancéolées leaflets. The flowers, from 1 to 10 cm in diameter, are simple or double out of broad cut, out of star, bell-shaped, in the shape of tulip or tubulées. Very good rusticity.

herbaceous Species and cultivars : these clématites flowers from July to October on the growths of the year. One them plants in the solid masses the long-lived ones. The sheets, from 3 to 15 cm of length, green average with dark or green-grisâtre, whole and are lancéolées, oval or cordiformes, sometimes with the toothed edge. Some are made up from 3 to 5 lancéolées and oval leaflets from 3 to 8 cm length. The flowers simple, are spread out, measuring from 1 to 2 cm in diameter, or campanulacées or tubulées, from 1 to 14 cm length.

Rusticity

Very good in general.

Culture

With the sun or semi-shade, in a fertile ground, humus-bearing, drained well, by ombrageant the roots and the base of the stem (with a tile punt for example). The herbaceous species prefer the full sun. Mulch all the clématites in February with compost of garden or the well broken up manure, by avoiding the direct contact with the stems. Recover the foot of the clématites climbing with a small ground hillock, this in order to reduce the risks of fading, while supporting the emission of vigorous growths since the stock. After the plantation, fold back the climbing stems of the null and void clématites, to approximately 30 cm basic above a beautiful pair of bud. Train the stems, without tightening them, until the plant clutches of itself. Support the herbaceous species and cultivars while pricking of the branches ramified in the ground.

Cut the clématites group 1 after flowering. Remove the stems dead or damaged, shorten the others if necessary. That supports the formation of new growths for the next year.

For the clématites of the group 2 , remove the dead or weak stems in March before the resumption of the growth and fold back all the others above 2 beautiful buds. The latter produce secondary stems which will carry side growths flowering in May. Remove the faded flowers. The young people will flower at the end of the season.

For the group 3 , fold back all the stems of the previous year above a beautiful pair of buds, between 15 to 20 cm of the ground, in March, before the entry in vegetation.

Reproduction

Sowing of the species out of cup or cold frame in autumn. Division or separation of rejections of the herbaceous species in April. Cuttings herbaceous in May - June, or semi-woody in July. Marcottes in February or in March.

Enemies and diseases

The clématite fades in too wet ground. The gray field voles and worms devour the stems. The plant louses and aleurodes of the greenhouses are also parasites of the clématites.

Principal species

Flora of France

Clematis alpina - Clématite of the Alps
Clematis cirrhosa - Clématite with gimlet
Clematis flammula - Clématite extreme small flame or clématite
Clematis armandii - Clématite d' Armand
Clematis lanuginosa
Clematis Montana - Clématite with small sheets
Clematis patens
Clematis recta - Clématite drawn up
Clematis vitalba - Clématite of the hedges
Clematis viticella - Clématite blue
Clematis X jackmanii
Clematis X stricta - Clématite right-hand side
Clematis X triternata

Simple: Clematis

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