The Civil engineering represents the whole of the techniques concerning civil constructions. The Engineer S civilians deal of the design, the realization, the exploitation and the rehabilitation of works of Construction and urban Infrastructures of which they ensure management in order to meet the needs for the company, while ensuring the safety of the public and the protection of the Environnement. Very varied, their achievements are distributed mainly in five great fields of intervention: Structures, Geotechnical, Hydraulic, Transport, and Environment.

In France, civil engineering is an expression indicating the art of construction in general.

Scope of application

The scope of application of civil engineering is very vast; it includes the public Travaux and the Building industry. It includes in particular:

• the Carcass work heavy castings in general, whatever the type of construction or building, like the Skyscraper,
• industrial premises: factories, warehouses, tanks, etc
• transport infrastructures: Road S, railways, works of art, channels, ports, Tunnel S, etc
• hydraulic constructions: Stopping S, Dam S, Thrown S, etc…
• urban infrastructures: Aqueduct S, sewer S, etc…

Phases of a project

A project of civil engineering can be divided into several phases , often entrusted at different organizations:

• the Planning which consists in integrating the project in a whole of master lines,
• the Conception, which includes the realization of the detailed studies of preliminary draft,
• the dimensioning, which consite to determine dimensions of the components of the future realization,
• the Invitation to tender which makes it possible to plan the realization, in particular the cost of this one, and to choose the company which will have the load of it,
• execution of the construction, which includes the development of the final draft. Various trade associations intervene in the realization of a work:

the technical studies (Technical of civil engineering) enter in detail of the phase of dimensioning and establish the plans of construction. Then, the methods intervene which validate the feasibility of the plans of construction and define the mode and the tools for construction.

the department of production: Foundation (construction), earthworks, carcass work heavy castings, secondary trades, technical trades, architectural trades, equipment.

• exploitation and the maintenance of the work

Speakers

A project of civil engineering is distributed between several speakers :

• the Owner building is that (nobody or organization) who starts a building firm and will be that which will take delivery of the work.
• the Project superintendent works out a project (work) at the request of the building owner.
• the office of Contrôle is charged by the building owner with controlling work as well as work.
• the companies make studies then work. The project superintendent validates the studies and checks work. He monthly presents to the building owner a report carried out. The building owner must pay with the companies the work completed in the month.

See too

• Technical of civil engineering

• Machine of civil engineering

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