Circuit of injection

See also: Injection

The circuit of injection is component essential of a Internal combustion engine modern, whose function is to introduce into the Cylindre S the Combustible essential with combustion.

Composition

It can be broken up into three principal parts:
  • the feeding circuit
  • the circuit of injection
  • the return circuit.

The main components of the circuit are:

  • the tank;
  • the Decanter;
  • the filter;
  • the Pump feed;
  • the pump injection;
  • the governor automatically-controlled;
  • Injecting S;
  • injecting pumps.

The feeding circuit

Its function is to feed in Carburant liquid the system with a given Pression. The circuit components of food are the tank, the Décanteur, the Pompe feed, the filter. The feeding circuit is a system low pressure.

  • the tank stores the liquid fuel.

  • the pump feed supplies the fuel injection pump under pressure, it is preceded by a Crépine incorporated in the tank which makes it possible pre-to filter fuel. There exist two types of feed pump:
    • Piston pump for an injection pump in line (0.8 to 1.2 bar)
    • Diaphragm pump for a rotary injection pump (0.2 to 0.4 bar)
  • These two types of pumps is self-regulating. they are followed of a filter making it possible to provide to the system injection a clean fuel.

The circuit of injection

Its function is proportioning and the distribution, according to the speed and of the engine load. But also to introduce, pulverize and distribute fuel in the cylinders at the best time. The circuits of injections can be divided into two main categories:

Diesel engine

Traditional injection

This circuit of injection is a circuit average pressure (100/200 bar S) organized as follows:
  • Pump injection;
  • Pipings of injection;
  • Injecting.

Injection HP crawls common

This circuit of injection is a circuit high pressure organized as follows:
  • Pump high pressure (1600-2000 bars);
  • Pipings of injection;
  • Injecting ordered individually by a calculator

Injection HP injector pumps

  • Regulating of pressure;
  • Pipings of injection;
  • Injecting pumps ordered individually by a calculator.

Engine gasoline or alcohol

Engine gasoline or alcohol indirect injection

The circuit of injection is a circuit average pressure organized as follows:
  • Regulating of pressure;
  • Pipings of injection;
  • Injecting ordered individually by a calculator.

Engine gasoline or alcohol direct injection

  • Regulating of pressure;
  • Pipings of injection;
  • Injecting pumps ordered individually by a calculator.

The return circuit

It allows the recovery of the surplus fuel or the escapes of the two preceding circuits. The fuel turns over by a tube low pressure to the tank. On the Injecting S of the systems of direct Injection Diesel and gasoline modern, part of the fuel is used to order the lifting of the needle hydraulically. At the time of the opening of the injector, a Débit of order is thus created, which is evacuated in the return circuit. It thus is not strictly speaking of a leak-flow, but about a fuel return associated with the normal functioning with the injector. However, this circulation resulting in heating the fuel and, therefore to reduce its Density. It is thus necessary to limit this flow of return, considered as an escape, at least.

See too

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