Cilium

In Medicine, the cilia are mobile cellular prolongations. They are organized in lines with the apical pole of the cell. These lashes are shorter than the Flagelle S.

Structure

Cut approximately 7 to 10 micrometers length and a diameter of 0,2 micrometer.

Each lash is built around a central complex, the Axonème, consists of a central pair of Microtubule S and nine others in doublet spaced around him. This Axonème allows the beat of the lashes.

The cilia are animated movements:

- beat of thorough
- beat of recovery.

The mechanism is an interaction between the protein Dynéine and the Tubuline.

Other proteins intervene:

- Tektine,
- Nexine.

Localization

  • the beat of the lashes of the cell S ciliées of the epithelium trachéen for example makes it possible to make go up Mucus, secreted by close cells, in the throat so as to remove the trachea from the impurities. The Nicotine paralise the lashes of these cells nevertheless, to the smokers, these lashes go back to beat during the night and the impurities go back then together to the throat, causing a cough with the alarm clock of the smokers. One finds also these lashes at certain unicellular algae what enables them to move like in other protozoa like the Paramécie S.

  • respiratory Epithelium, female genital tract etc.

Pathology

  • Disease of Kartagener.

See too

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