Church of Ireland

The Église of Ireland (in Gaelic Eaglais Na hÉireann ) is an autonomous province of the Communion Anglican, whose operating range touches the Irish Republic and the Northern Ireland. Like other Churches Anglicans, she affirms " catholique" and " réformée".

When the Église of England breaks with the Pape and the Roman Catholic church, the Church of Ireland also evolves to the Réforme, keeping its legal status and its possessions, if its doctrines change. Thus, nowadays, the Church, in its cathedrals and its churches, largely preserves the heritage of the medieval consturctions of the island. The new independent Church is however not followed by the majority of the population; the Roman Catholic church preserves the support of most of the inhabitants, and this until today. In spite of its minority nature, however, the Church of Ireland preserves the statute of Religion of State until the disestablishment of 1869, when Gladstone abolishes the Act of establishment. The number of churches fell abruptly during the 20th century, particularly in Irish Republic, after independence; the last census of Répubique shows a rare example of resistance to the crisis of belief.

Today, the Church of Ireland east, after the Catholic church, the second more important Church of the island of Ireland. It is also most important Protestant Église of the Irish Republic and the more important second of Northern Ireland, after the Church presbytérienne of Ireland. It is controlled by a general synod of the clergy and the laic ones and organized into twelve Diocèse S. It has at its head the archbishop of Armagh (the " Primacy of all Irlande"), Alan To currently grip; the other archbishop is that of Dublin John Neill.

History

The Church of Ireland draws its origins from the missions of Saint Patrick.

Institution centered on the monasteries, the first Church Celtic of Ireland had its calendar and its uses, but played a big role in the Church of Occident, remaining in communion with Rome. In 1166, basing its action on the papal bubble Laudabiliter , which, affirmed it, granted the authority to him on Ireland, Henri II of England passed to Ireland and, in 1171, proclaimed lord of Ireland.

In 1536, Henri VIII was placed by the Parliament of Ireland to the head of the Church of Ireland. When the Église of England evolved to the Protestantisme under Edouard VI, the Church of Ireland followed it. Only two of the Irish bishops accepted the agreement religious élisabéthain, which resulted in to maintain the continuity apostolic of the Church of Ireland, distinct from the Église of England; the doubts were raised by the dedication of Matthew Parker as Archevêque of Canterbury. However, the Catholic church disputed this situation, because the sacrificial nature of the priesthood was given up by the Church of Ireland, with the élisabethain agreement, which, in their eyes, broke apostolic continuity the Church Anglican of Ireland.

The Church established in Ireland knew one period of doctrines calvinist more radical than in England. James Usher (later archbishop of Armagh) wrote the " articles irlandais" , adopted in 1615. In 1634, the Irish Convocation adopted the " 39 articles" English, beside the Irish articles. After the Restoration of 1660, it seems that the 39 articles obtained precedence and became the official doctrines of the Church of Ireland, still after disestablishment.

The reformed Church of Ireland undertakes the first publication of the Bible in Irish. The first Irish translation of New Testament is due to Nicholas Walsh, bishop of Ossory, which worked above until its untimely death in 1585. The work was continued by John Kearny, his assistant, and Dr. Nehemiah Donellan, archbishop of Tuam, and finally completed by William O' Domhnuill (William Daniell, archbishop of Tuam, successor of Donellan). Their work was printed in 1602. The work of translation of the Old Testament was undertaken by William Bedel (1571-1642), bishop of Kilmore, which completed its translation under the reign of Charles I {{er}}, although it was not published before 1680 (in a version revised by Narcissus Marsh (1638-1713), archbishop of Dublin). William Bedell had undertaken a translation of the Book of common prayer in 1606. A revised Irish translation of the book of prayer of 1662 was carried out by John Richardson (1664-1747) and was published in 1712.

However, the time in the diffusion of a Bible and a liturgy in vernacular language near the majority of the population had dug the gap between the minority of English expression, which rather adhered to the reformed Church or the Presbytérianisme and a majority of Irish expression, which remained faithful to the Latin liturgy of the Catholic church.

Just as before the Reform, several men of the church of Ireland sat like spiritual Lords with the Irish House of Lords, with the provisions of the Acte of Union of 1800, an archbishop and three bishops were chosen by rotation to sit like spiritual Lords with the unified House of Lords the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with Westminster, where they join two archbishops (the archbishop of Canterbury and the archbishop of York) and 24 bishops of the Église of England.

In 1833, the gouvernment British one proposed the " Measure Church of Irlande" , reducing the 22 archbishops and bishops who belonged to the minority Anglican in Ireland with a total of 12 by amalgamating the seats and by employing the incomes thus saved with the use of the parishes. This reform caused the movement of Oxford, known as movement tractarien and had broader effects on the Communion Anglican.

As an established official Church, the Church of Ireland profited partially of the Dîme S imposed on the unit of the Irishmen, independently owing to the fact that it counted only one minority of the population among its members. This situation was the source of a sharp resentment which burst from time to time, as at the time of the " war of the dîme" from 1831-1836. The Act of disestablishment of the Church of Ireland of 1869 (which came into force in 1871) put an end to the support of which it bénéficiat at the State and with the parliamentary authority on its governorship. Also provisions were taken, in 1870 in order to create its own government (the general Synod) and its financial management (policy-holder by the Body representative of the Church). With disestablishment, said them were abolished and the representation of the Church to the House of Lords ceased.

Like other Irish Churches, it was not divided at the time of the partition of Ireland into 1920 and its government continues to touch the whole of the island.

The Church today

The Church of contemporary Ireland, although it has a number of parishes of the High Church (often described like anglo-catholics) parishes, is generally, for the Low Church, in the last place of the spectrum of the world Anglican. Historically, there was little difference in churchmanship between the parishes characteristic of other provinces Anglicans, although a number of markedly High Churches definitely liberal or parishes evangelic developed during the last decades. It was the second province of the Communion Anglican, after the Église Anglican of New Zealand (1857), to adopt, at the time of its disestablishment of 1871, a synodal government and one of the first provinces to order priests of the women, in 1991. The Church of Irland is also member of the communion of Porvoo.

The Church maintains a structure traditional dating from the period preceding the Réforme, a system of geographical parishes organized in Diocèse S, twelve, having each one at their head a bishop. The chief of the five southernmost bishops is the Archevêque of Dublin, that of the seven septentrional bishops the Archevêque of Armagh; they are qualified, one, of " Primacy of Irlande" , the other of " Primacy of all Irlande" , which suggests the superiority dun second. Although it has a relatively weak absolute authority, the archbishop of Armagh is regarded as the general chief and the spokesperson of the Church.

The Canon law and the policy of the Church are decided by the general Synod of the Church and the policy changes must be decided by the Room of the bishops and the Room of the representatives (clergy and laic). The material changes, for example the decision to order women priests, must be taken in the majority of two thirds. While the votes of the Room of the representatives are always public, a long time by orders, the Room of the bishops tended to vote behind closed doors, newcomer with a decision before the subjects are not evoked in front of the Synod. This practice was not respected that once, when, in 1999, the Room of the bishops voted unanimously and in public to approve the efforts of the archbishop of Armagh, the diocese of Armagh and the Standing Committee of the general Synod of the Church of Ireland in their attempt to solve the crisis of the Church of the Rise with Drumcree, close to Portadown.

The Church of Ireland knew an important decline during the 20th century, in Northern Ireland, where 75% of its members live, and in Irish Republic. However, of recent censuses show an unexpected increase of the number of believers within the Church, the first of the whole of the century. This is explained largely by the great number of immigrants Anglicans who pass to Ireland, in particulierl of former colonists of Africa; but several parishes, especially in the districts of middle-class of the big cities, see the conversion of a certain number of catholics. Many clerks originally ordered by the Catholic church joined the rows of the Church of Ireland.

The Church has two cathedrals with Dublin: inside the walls of the old city with the cathedral of Christ, the seat of the archbishop and, just outside the old city, the cathedral of Patrick Saint, that the Church regards as a national cathedral of Ireland. It manages a seminar, the college teologic of the Church of Ireland, in the periphery of Dublin.

Irish Anglicans

Members of the Church of Ireland:

See too

Sources

  • Stephen Neill, Anglicanism , Harmondsworth 1965

Random links:MIAT Mongolian Airlines | Museum off Comparative Zoology | Berlin Adler | (536) Merapi | Martin Smolka | Courtelary_(zone)