Chubut

The province of Chubut is in the south of the Argentine, in Patagonie.

History

Before the arrival of Europeans, the territory was populated by wandering Amerindians, and in particular the Tehuelche S.

Traversed by missionaries with XVIIe and XVIIIe centuries (and among them the famous one Jesuit Mascardi), a first attempt at Spanish colonization concretized himself by the foundation of the Fuerte de San Jose in the area of the Péninsule Valdés in the middle of the XVIIIe century. Most of the colonists were inhabitants of the north of the Leon. This colony was destroyed by the " Patagons" or Tehuelche S.

See also: Tehuelche

It is only at the XIXe century that a successful colonization proceeded. It was carried out by Welsh immigrants, who were established in the lower valley of the Río Chubut. The Welsh arrived on the sailing ship " Mimosa" , escaping the new religion which the English sovereigns sought to impose on their native soils. Since this place, various other establishments proceeded and in particular one of them leads to the creation of the colony known as of October 16th, in the cordillera.

In margin of the Conquête of the Desert, which saw the general-president Julio Argentino Roca devastating the province and decimating the Indians, one created in 1884 the National territory of Chubut, and one indicated some Luis Fontana like first governor.

See also: Conquest of the Desert

After 1902, and the end of the war of the boers in South Africa, several taken refuge boers families immigrated in Argentina and settled in Chubut, mainly in the zone of Sarmiento. May 31st, 1944 one cut down the territory by Chubut of a whole area in the south of the parallel 45e, that is to say an extent of 42.330  km ², which were added to the 55.418  km ² taken on territory of Santa Cruz, in order to create the Shingles Militar de Comodoro Rivadavia .

By the law Nº 14.408 of June 15th, 1955, signed by the president Juan Perón, one made disappear the Military Zone from Comodoro Rivadavia and one restored these zones with the territories of Chubut and Santa Cruz. The territory of Chubut was declared Province the same year.

Cities

Capital: Rawson.

In Chubut there are few notable cities:

  • Rawson (22.000 h.), the capital
  • Trelew (90.000 h.), industrial town around Rawson, Airport (IATA - Code REL) with connections towards Buenos Aires and El Calafate
  • Puerto Madryn (60.000 h.), starting point for excursions in the peninsula Valdés
  • Comodoro Rivadavia (135.632 h. in 2001) in the south of the province, on the Atlantic Ocean, is the principal economic center of Chubut and all the Patagonie of the south.
  • Esquel (30.000 h.) with the foot of the Andes

Geography

Source data:
  • population 413.237 (2001)
  • Surface: 224.686 km ²
  • Density: 1,8 hab./km²
Chubut is the third Argentinian province from the surface point of view, only exceeded by Buenos Aires and Santa Cruz.

Description

One distinguishes there two great areas, the the Andes and the plates of Patagonie.

On the coast one must announce the Péninsule Valdés and the gulf of San Jorge.

The dry steppe covers the area of the plates patagonic, while on the Cordillera extend from thick forests of conifers.

Limits

  • in north: Río Negro

  • in the south: Santa Cruz
  • in the west: the Chile
  • in the east: Atlantic Ocean

Hydrography

Water of the Andes cordillera crosses the Chilean border mainly to be thrown in the Pacific.

peaceful basin

Chubut has a beautiful series of glacial lakes, whose principal ones are the Puelo, the Cholila, Rivadavia, Futalaufquen, Menéndez, Amutuy Quimei, General Vintter, Plata and Fontana. Except the two last cities, all have an emissary whose course crosses the Chilean border to flow in the Pacific Ocean.

Being given the abundance of precipitations in the Andean area, these lakes all are strongly fed by multiple rivers and brooks autochtones which often have their sources in the tops snow-covered of the cordillera. Consequently the flows of the emissary crossing the border are them also important.

Atlantic basin

The principal river of the province is the Río Chubut, resulting from the Andes, but which pours its water in the Atlantic.

Basin endorrheic

Part of water of the province, those of the Río Senguerr, come him also from the Andes, flows in a basin endorrheic comprising two lakes which it forms successively: the lakes Musters then Colhue Huapi. The emissary of the two lakes, was called Río Chico. Left Colhue Huapi, it joined Río Chubut. But, since the middle of the XXe century, Senguerr underwent an even abusive use intensive of its water mass, which led to a progressive drying, which makes that Río Chico does not reach any more Río Chubut and seems to have disappeared. Since 1939, water less abundant than Río Senguerr brings to the two lakes, evaporate there completely. So that the course of Chico which formerly left the lake Colhue Huapi towards Río Chubut is from now on a dry bed.

Subdivision in departments


Chubut is divided into 15 Departments:

  1. Cushamen (Cushamen)

  2. Escalante (Comodoro Rivadavia)
  3. Florentino Ameghino (Camarones)
  4. Futaleufú (Esquel)
  5. Gaiman (Gaiman)
  6. Gastre (Gastre)
  7. Languiñeo (Tecka)
  8. Mártires (Las Plucked)
  9. Paso de Indios (Paso de Indios)
  10. Rawson (Rawson)
  11. Río Senguer (Alto Río Senguer)
  12. Sarmiento (Sarmiento)
  13. Tehuelches (Jose de San Martín)
  14. Telsen (Telsen)
  15. Biedma (Puerto Madryn)

Economy

The principal economic activity of Chubut is the hydrocarbon extraction, Pétrole, and Natural gas. Chubut produces 13% of Argentinian oil and 2% of gas. There exists also a mining industry of weight, layers of Plomb, Or and money.
The breeding of Ovine cattle , activity traditional of the nonAndean area of Patagonie Argentina is in reduction. The latter were especially high for their wool, but this product lost of its importance since the appearance and the development of synthetic fibers in the place of wool. That remains however a importante.
activity The province produces moreover, more than 20% of the national fishing. The Argentinian sea is very full of fish, and to fishing at sea is added locally the fresh water fish fishing (lakes Musters and Colhue Huapi for example).
Agriculture developed well since the years 1960 in zones of Oasis: The area of Sarmiento close to the above mentioned lakes, the low valley of the Río Chubut and especially the fertile area of " Chulilaw" or of parallel 42. So that in Chubut one produces all kinds of fruits: strawberries, Raspberry S, Salsepareille S, Cherry S, Bilberry S, Apple S, Grape S. Enfin, since the beginning of the years 2000, one produced there wine S fine white, which makes of Chubut the area having the southernmost vineyards of the monde.
Since the years 1960 the Tourism - rather frequently of adventure developed more and more, and at this beginning of century the natural attractions of the province are known a little everywhere on ground. The economy of the province benefits from it more and more.

Tourism

In the province, the principal tourist attraction, which attract hundreds of thousands of tourists, foreigners or not, are the Péninsule Valdés with the gulfs of San Jose and San Matias, where it is possible to observe the southern Right whale and its behavior in period of reproduction, this during the months of spring. But there still exists of other places or refuges of the marine animal-life of great interest for the tourists: for example of large gathering of sea elephants (or " elefanterías"), of sea lions (or " loberías") and of Penguin S (or " pigüineras"). Those meet throughout the Atlantic littoral of Chubut.

The other large tourist center of attraction is the Andean area with its snow-covered tops all the year, its really superb lakes, its rivers abundant and full of fish, its dense forests of Conifère S and nothofagacée S. In this part of the territory one built important centers of Winter sports (mainly of Ski).

Finally a third area worthy of tourist interest, but still little known, is the steppe and desert area central, with abundant géoformes and mountains with the surprising and singular colors.

Principal tourist sites:

Beaches of Chubut:

  • Puerto Madryn

  • Péninsule Valdés
  • Puerto Pirámides
  • Playa Unión
  • Playa El Doradillo
  • Camarones
  • Puerto Visser
  • Rocas Coloradas
  • Caleta Córdova
  • Comodoro Rivadavia
  • Split Tilly

See too

  • the Patagonie Argentina

External bonds

  • detailed Chart of the province of Chubut

  • Official site of the government of Chubut
  • Patagonie

Beats-smg: Čiubota provincėjė

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