Chronology of the history of the Quakers

Quaker is the nickname given to the members of the religious Société of the Friends (Quakers).

This chronology is enriched by events relating to more particularly the Francophonie , the France , the Swiss , the Belgium and Québec .

17th century

1649 George Fox (1624-1691) is stopped in a church of Nottingham at the time of one of its speeches. He is imprisoned for the first time.
1650 George Fox claims the total reform of the mode of the Prison S.
1652 Vision of George Fox in Pendle Hill, regarded as the date of the spiritual foundation of future the Société of the Friends .
1654 First “meeting of business”.
1654 Work missionary of the Valiant '' Sixty ''.
1656 James Nayler (1618-1660) is condemned for Blasphème and is imprisoned.
1656 First presence of the Friends in America of north, persecutions. First Annual meetings in 1661 New England, 1672 Baltimore, 1683 Philadelphia
1660 Beginning of systematic persecutions against the Quakers, who will last until the end of the years 1660. Mary Dyer (1611? - 1660) are condemned to died the first June 1660 and are hung.
1666 Robert Barclay (1648-1690) poses the bases Théologique S of the movement with “Year Apology For the True Christian Divinity”. * 1667 - 1669 Installation in England of the structures of the movement: monthly, quarterly and annual assemblies.
1681 William PEN (1644-1718) becomes Gouverneur of the Pennsylvania.
1682 First Questions, three and only factual. Since 1723 the term of Query replaces Question (in English). Gradually, the number of Questions increases and they address to coherence control Friends, their “discipline”.
1691 Died of George Fox.
1692 First French work, but hostile with the Quakers: “History Shortened of the Birth & Progrez of Kouakerisme”, taken again in 1699 under the title “the Religion of Kouakres in England”.
1693 William PEN publishes “Towards the Present and Future Peace off Europe”, apparently immediately translated into French: “Test for the Peace Present and Future of Europe”.
1694 Publication of the “Newspaper” of George Fox.

18th century

1702 Translation of “the Apology” for Robert Barclay in French.
1718 Died of William PEN.
1734 Voltaire writes his “Letters on the Quakers”.
1746 Translation by Claude Gay (1800-1873) of “Point of cross, not of crown” of William PEN. Claude Gay translated ten books and leaflets Quakers into French.
1758 the annual meeting of Philadelphia is the first to decide the prohibition of the Esclavage for its members. The faulty ones are excluded from the religious Société of the Friends (Quakers).
1754 John Woolman (1720-1772) publishes off “Sum Considerations one the Keeping Negroes”. John Woolman preached against the Esclavage and the Conscription in the American colonies. Its “Newspaper” is an important spiritual document which was republished continuously until our days. As of 1784, the members of the Company of the Friends have prohibition to have slaves.
1785 Publication of the “Precis of the rules of Christian discipline”, adopted by the Company of the Friends of Congénies in Languedoc. In 1788, this religious group independent joined officially the religious Société of the Friends (Quakers), it is recognized by the Annual meeting of London. There existed already with 17th and 18th centuries.
1791 First the Councils ( Advices ) adopted by the Annual meeting of London, in addition to the modifications made to the Questions. The role of the Questions, still revised in 1860 and 1875, relates to the discipline of the Friends less and less, to turn to introspection.
1791 Friends of Congénies, whose Jean Marsillac, address a respectful Pétition to the National Assembly, asking not to have to carry the weapons nor to lend oath.
1791 Publication of “the life of Guillaume PEN, founder of Pennsylvania” by Jean Marsillac, “work containing the history (...) of the principles and actions of the Company of the friends (vulgarly known under the name of Quakers)”.

19th century

1802 Publication in French of “History shortened of the origin and the formation of the company known as of the Quakers (...)” of William PEN.
1818 Elizabeth Fry (1780-1845) returns account in front of the House of Commons of the living conditions in the Prison S Britannique S, becoming thus the first Femme to testify in front of the British Parlement.
1823 Publication in French of “Memory of Jean Woolman”.
1827 Great Separation ( The Great Separation ): Elias Hicks (1748-1830) founds the American branch of the Quakers “hickists”, in opposition to the “orthodoxe ones”. He professed unitarian ideas .
1845 the First separation between “gurneyites” and “wilburites”, in England News.
1846 Beginnings of the Company of the Friends in Norway.
1846 Quaker Assistance at the time of the Famine in Ireland.
1875 Beginnings of the Company of the Friends with the Denmark.
As of 1870 Worships Quaker in Paris, at Justine Dalencourt, member of the Company of the British Friends.
1871 Committee of Help of the English Friends in the East of France, the center, the Loire. First use of the symbol known as star Quaker or Quaker star .
1873 First Parliament Quaker on the peaceful Coast, with San Jose, California.
1874 Theophil Waldmeier (1832-1915) becomes the first Swiss member of the Company of the Friends. Missionary in Abyssinie then with the Lebanon, founder of the school of Brummana.
1896 the assemblies from now on are held with women and men together. The women can become members of the English executive Meeting for Sufferings .

20th century

1900 Creation of the General Friends Conference (FGC) .
1901-1917 Beginnings of the Company of the Friends in India (1901), China (1904), Japan (1917), South Africa (1918), Germany (1925), Palestine and Syria (1928), Netherlands (1931), Sweden (1935).
1902 Creation of Five Years Meeting , famous in 1965 Friends United Meeting (FUM) .
1907 then the first 1929 meetings with Montreal, bases of a bilingual Monthly meeting.
1914 New -1920 Committee of Help to the Victims of the War of the British and North-American Friends (AFSC).
1917 Creation of the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) .
1918 First groups in Swiss with Geneva, then 1919 Zurich, 1930 Basle, 1932 Lausanne, 1934 Bern and Bienne, 1975 Romanshorn.
1919 Foundation of the international committee for the reception and the contacts with the isolated members, International Membership Committee (IMC) . This task passes to the Friends World Committee for Consultation (FWCC) since 1979.
1919 -1924: Program of food aid for the German children (then Polish, Russian and other European countries).
1920 First World conference of the Friends ( Friends World Conference ), in London.
1920 -1924 Assistance with the ravaged populations by the war in Europe: food, clothes, assistance with the refugees. Work coordinated especially by the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) .
1920 Creation of the Center international Quaker with Paris. First meetings of businesses.
1923 Creation of the Center international Quaker with Geneva, which will become the Bureau Quaker at the United Nations , Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) .
1926 -1942 International Quaker Student Hostel with Geneva.
1928, 1964 and 1994 Revision of the the Councils and Questions by the Annual meeting of London.
193-? Publication in French of the the Councils and Questions by the Center Quaker and Group of Geneva .
1933 Recognition of the Parliament of France .
1934 First gathering in Switzerland, on the initiative of Helene Monastier. More than 200 Friends and sympathizers of the many abstract groups find themselves with Bern.
1937 Second World conference of the Friends , in Swarthmore, close to Philadelphia.
1937 Foundation of the world Advisory committee of the Friends , Friends World Committee for Consultation (FWCC) .
1937 -1939 Assistance not partisane with the victims of the Spanish civil war.
1938 Recognition of the Section of Europe and the Middle East of FWCC, Europe & Middle East Section (EMES) (name adopted in 1992).
1938 Recognition of the Section of Americas of FWCC.
1939 Under the responsibility of the annual meeting of London, the Friends of Switzerland (members of the religious Company of the Friends (Quakers)) are found under the name Swiss General Meeting . They will be able to hold an assembly each year.
1939 -1946 Assistance with the victims of the war in Europe and Asia.
1940 Helene Monastier lance a newsletter which will become Between Amis , to fill the vacuum left by the Echo of the Friends which was published in France.
1947 the Nobel Prize of peace is decreed with AFSC and the British Friends Service Council (named today Quaker Peace and Social Witness ).
1947 Recognition of the Annual meeting of Switzerland .
1952 Third World conference of the Friends , in Oxford in England.
1961 Recognition of the Section Africa of FWCC.
1963 Creation of Evangelical Friends Alliance , famous in 1990 Evangelical Friends International (EFI) .
1967 Fourth World conference of the Friends , in North Carolina.
1974 Creation of a Annual meeting in Bolivia.
1975 Monthly meeting with Brussels. Members of the Assemblies of France and the Netherlands, alive in Belgium, transfer their membership. New name in 1978: Monthly meeting Belgium and Luxembourg .
1984 William PEN becomes Citoyen of honor of the United States of America, on a purely posthumous basis.
1985 Recognition of the Section of Asia and the Western Pacific of FWCC.
1985 First World Gathering off Young Friends ( meets world young Friends ).
1990 First international theological Conference women Quakers , in Woodbrooke in England.
1991 Fifth World conference of the Friends , Netherlands, Honduras and Kenya.
1995 London Yearly Meeting changes name and becomes Britain Yearly Meeting .
1999 EFI-Africa opens a school of theology in the area of the Large-Lakes, with Bujumbura with the Burundi.

21e century

2005 Second World Gathering off Young Friends , in Lancaster in England.
2006 Tom Fox (1951-2006), American pacifist activist, is assassinated in Iraq.

See too

Sources

; General

Geschichte der Quäker (Zeittafel)

; Belgium

Article of Anita Wuyts in Newsletter (Belgium and Luxembourg Monthly Meeting) , No September 7th, th and th 2006.

; France

Site of the Parliament of France * Henry van Etten, Chronic of the life Quaker Frenchwoman of 1750 to 1938 , religious Company of the Friends (Quakers), Paris, 1938 (republication supplemented in 1947: of 1745 to 1945 ), 316 p.
Precise of the rules of Christian discipline, adopted by the Company of the Friends, known under the name of Quakers, of Congénies, and other environnans places, in years 1785,1801 and 1807 , with an introduction and notes of Georges Bonds, Luxembourg, 1988.

; Quebec

Article of Chantal Fournier on the Monthly meeting of Montreal ; Switzerland
History and Biography Project, “Let Their Lives Speak”, has Resource Book , 2005

religious Company of the Friends (Quakers)
List of Quakers

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