Chronology of the history of the Jews in Poland

Chronology of the history of the Jews in Poland :

960 a Jewish merchant of Spain, Ibrahim Ibn Jaqub (Abraham Ben Jakov) voyage through Poland and writes the first description of the country. The Jewish tradesmen are very active in Central Europe. comprising Mieszko I striking of the parts of the Hebrew characters, although some allot these parts to the reign of Mieszko Old the

1264 the prince of Poland Boleslas the Piles proclaims the Charte of Kalisz - granting freedoms to the Jews of Poland.

1343 Persecuted in Western Europe, the Jews are invited in Poland by the king Casimir III of Poland. After the massive expulsion of the Jews of Western Europe (England, France, Germany and Spain), foundation of a refuge on the grounds of the Republic of the Two Nations. Under the dynasty jagellone Poland becomes the territory of the greatest Jewish community of Europe, bus of the royal edicts guarantee safety and freedom of worship there since the 13th century whereas Western Europe is the theater of persecutions, in particular after the episode of the Black Death of 1348-1349 whose Jews were shown to be the cause. Most of Poland was saved by the plague, whereas Jewish immigration provided a labor many and qualified to this incipient state. The strongest increase in the Jewish population took place at the 18th century dates to which the Jews account for 7% of the national population.

1500 Some of the expelled Jews of Spain, of the Portugal and many German cities take refuge in Poland. Between XVIe and the XVIIIe century, more half of the world Jewish population lives in Poland.

1501 the king Alexandre Ier Jagellon réadmet Jews in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

1525 the first Jew is crowned knight by the king Sigismond Ier the Old man, without being for that constrained to disavow its faith.

1534 the king Sigismond Ier the Old man abolishes the law which imposed to the Jews the wearing of particular clothing.

1547 the first Jewish printing works in Hebrew is founded with Lublin

1567 Foundation of the first Yeshiva in Poland.

1580 - 1764 First meeting of the the Council of the Four Grounds ( Va' AD Arba' Aratzot ) to Lublin. 70 delegated Jewish communities ( kehillot ) meet to discuss on the taxes and other important subjects for the Jewish community.

1623 First meeting of the General states (Jewish diet or Va' AD ) autonomous of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

1632 Ladislas IV Vasa prohibits the books or any impression with character anti-semite.

1633 the Jews of Poznań obtain the right to prohibit the entry of the Christians in the Jewish district of the city.

1648 the Polish Jewish population reaches 450.000 people (4,5% of the national population). Into Bohemian one counts 40.000 and 25.000 in Moravie of them. The world Jewish population is evaluated with 750.000 individuals.

1648 - 1655 the Ukrainian Cosaque Bohdan Chmielnicki directs the Insurrection of Chmielnicki which will be concluded by the massacre from the Szlachta (nobility) local as well as Jewish community. 65.000 Jews perish and as many the noble ones. The total loss for the community is evaluated with 100.000 people. Poland loses 40% of its population for the period of the flood .

1750 the Jewish population of Poland reaches 750.000 people is 8% of the total population. The world Jewish population is evaluated with 1.200.000 people.

1759 the followers of Jacob Frank join the rows of the Szlachta S of Jewish origin.

1772 - 1795 Partitions of Poland between the Russia, the Prussia and the Austria. The privileges of the Jewish communities are revoked.

1831 Of the Jewish militiamans take share with the defense of Warsaw against the Russian army.

1860 - 1864 the Jews take an active part in the Polish national movement, which is followed by the Insurrections of January.

1860 - 1943 Henrietta Szold. Teacher, author and welfare worker found the Hassidisme

1862 the Jews are seen allotting the same rights in the Russian zone. The privileges of certain cities prohibiting the installation of Jews are abolished.

1880 the world Jewish population reaches 7,7 million people including 90% in Europe (mainly Europe of the East and 3,5 million in the old Polish provinces.

1897 the first Russian census deducts 5.200.000 Jews plus 4.900.000 in the zone of colonization . The Royaume of the Congress account 1.300.000 Jews is 14% of his population.

1921 Peace treaty polono-Bolshevik of Rīga. The citizens of the two territories see themselves allotting the right to choose their territory. Hundreds of thousands of Jews, in particular of the tradesmen or following other occupations which were prohibited to them in Soviet Union emigrate towards Poland.

1924 2.989.000 Jews are listed in Poland (10,5% of the population). The young Jews account for 23% of the students of the colleges and 26% of the university students.

1930 the Jewish population reaches 15.000.000 people of which the largest part lives in the United States (4 000.000), in Poland (3 500.000 either 11% of the population) in Soviet Union (2 700.000 or 2% of the population) in Romania (1 000.000,6% of the population) and in Palestine (175 000,17% of the population)

1933 - 1939 the German Jews start to emigrate towards open countries towards the Jews, in particular England and the United States. The majority find a refuge temporary in Poland.

1939 - 1945 the Holocaust (ha Shoah).

1946 Pogrom of Kielce.

1948 Of tens of thousands of survivors of the Holocaust leave Poland for Israel and the United States

1964 the relations Jews/Chrétiens take a new departure with the council the Vatican II.

1968 the Communist regime supports a campaign anti-Zionist in Poland. The majority of the Jews remained in Poland emigrate.

Middle of the years 1970 Renewed interest for the music Klezmer (folk music of the Jews of Europe) (,) and the culture Yiddish.

1989 - aujourd' today - Reimplantation of several Jewish communities in Poland in particular with Warsaw, Gdańsk and Wrocław.

See too

History of the Jewish Jews in Poland

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