Chronology of the graffiti

This is a Chronologie Graffiti .

Antiquity - XVIIIe century - XIXe century - XXe century - XXIe century

Antiquity

VIIe century before our era: graffiti of this time prove that Mercenaire S Greek S served in Egypt
79: the town of Pompei is covered with ashes of the Vesuvius, which will preserve many paintings but also hundreds of graffiti.

12th century

Graffiti, works of Graveur S carried out right before the installation of the coating of the painted decoration are frequent, and redécouverts at the time of a restoration. Those of the church of Moings are exceptional with on the northern wall the very varied drawings, with Cavalier S, Paon S, escutcheon S, flowers of lily and on the southern wall a scene of war.

XVIIIe century

18th century: the robbers and the beggars engrave or draw on the doors of the houses of the coded indications, which indicate to that which can decipher them what it will find in the house: nobody only, easy woman, without interest, etc the first collection of these signs dates from the 19th century, in Germany. This practice perdure.
of 1780 with 1787: Restif of Breton the writes episodes of its life on the parapets of the bridges of the Île Saint-Louis.

XIXe century

1808 : Bonaparte orders the destruction of the Tour of the Temple, which had been used as prison with the royal family. One raises a graffiti there of Marie-Therese de France: “Marie-Therese-Charlotte is the most unhappy person of the world. She cannot obtain to know of the news of her mother, not even to be joined together with her though she asked it thousand times. Live my good mother whom I like and of which I cannot know of the news. O My god, forgive with those which made die my parents. O my father, take care on me the top of the Sky. O my God, forgive with those which made suffer my parents. ”
1843: In the Review of the two-worlds , Alfred de Musset publishes the poem the crumb prigioni , from which the inspiration came to him during a short stay in prison. It evokes the graffiti there on the walls. To read the '' the crumb prigioni '' on Wikisource
Years 1850: on the site of Signature Rock'n'roll and Independence Rock'n'roll, the pioneers who followed the Bridger Track, the Track of Mormons and the Piste of Oregon left a trace of their passage, generally dated. These site exceptional allowed the historians more on the exact way of the Track of Oregon.

XXe century

July 14th 1941: from London, the Belgian former minister Victor de Laveleye lance the “Countryside of V” while asking from London its compatriots of graffiter of the " V" everywhere where they can it. V for " victoire" but also for Vrijheid (" liberté"). Success exceeds by far the borders of Belgium and small the " V" are engraved, painted or drawn in all Europe. The principle will be taken again post-war period, in Spain of Franco, where one will be able to read " P" , for " protester". See also: V for Vendetta.
1944 : after the unloading, whereas the allied troops progressed, with difficulties, towards Paris, and had the surprise to be preceded by a soldier Kilroy, which wrote with the most inaccessible places and most dangerous, “Kilroy was young stag” (Kilroy was there). Very quickly, " Kilroy" became a name collective and mythical, tens of soldiers started to sign for him.
1960 : left the book “Graffiti”, by the photographer Brassaï, ED. Time. (30 years of photography of graffiti.)
1963: Gerald Zlotykamien starts to paint in the streets its “transitory”, of the silhouettes inspired by the Ombre S left on the walls by the population of Hiroshima after the explosion of the atomic bomb. Zlotykamien ceases the transitory ones in 2003.
Fin of the Années 1960: the first tags, signed Cornbread and Cool Earl, appear with Philadelphia.
1969 and following years: beginning of the graffiti in New York, with Taki 183, Frank 207, Phase 2, Barbara 62 and Eva 62, Stay high 169, Joe 136, Julio 204 and of tens of others.
July 21st 1971: interview of Taki 183 in the NewYork Times
1972: first exposure of art devoted to the graffiti-artists, Razor Gallery of New York. The artists selected by the sociologist Hugo Martinez and United Graffiti Artists were Phase 2, Mico, Coco 144, Pistol, Flint 707, Bama, Snake and Stitch 1
1972: John Lindsay, mayor of New York, declare the war with the graffiti, but graffiteurs of the time remember that, despite everything, the trains painted under the mandate of this mayor traversed the city during years.
March 1973: in the New York Magazine, an article of Richard Goldstein entitled The Graffiti hit parade evokes the artistic potential of the graffiti.
1974 : With authors such as Tracy 168, Cliff 159 or Blade, the graffiti new yorkais become complicated and gain decorations, funds, characters. The first completely painted coaches start to be shown.
1974 : A man who says artist painted to the bomb “Kill dregs all” on the Guernica of Pablo Picasso, with the Museum off Modern Art of New York and in order to protest against the Massacre of My Lai. Artist, Iran IEN named Tony Shafrazi, which affirmed that its action was not vandalism but a completion of the table, will become later an important merchant of American Art, which will represent besides several artists related to the graffiti: Keith Haring, Jean-Michel Basquiat or Kenny Scharf.
1975 - 1977: one in general agrees to regard these two years as most prolific of the history in terms of graffiti in the subway of New York: the various creative principles had become ripe, the number of graffiteurs did not cease increasing, but the answer of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority was well too soft to dam up the phenomenon.
1976 : Jean Baudrillard publishes a test devoted to the graffiti, Kool-Killer or the insurrection by the signs (in: the symbolic system exchange or death, Gallimard)
1979: In comic film Monty Python: The Life of Brian , the Brian Hebrew is surprised by a centurion whereas he wrote a slogan anti-Roman on a wall with the downtown area; this Romain notes an error of Latin grammar and obliges Brian to copy 100 times the correct sentence, which it constrained to write on all the buildings of the central place.
1980 : exposure New York New Wave organized by Diego Cortez to the center of art P.S.1 (Moma) in New York. Artists installed such as Andy Warhol cotoient there graffiti-artists such as Seen or of the painters inspired by this culture such as Jean-Michel Basquiat.
1981 : opening to New York of the galleries Fashion Moda (3rd avenue, in Bronx) and Fun Gallery (East Village), both devoted to the promotion of artists resulting from the graffiti.
October 28th 1981: first article devoted to with the New Yorkean graffiti in the French press. The article “American Graffiti: Tag” is signed Pascaline Cuvelier.
1982 : left the film “Wild Style” (Charlie Ahearn), which puts in scene Lee Quinones and Lady Pink. Documentary “the Wars Style” present of many artists and emphasizes particularly Seen, Kase 2 (a graffiti-artist penguin), Dondi White like Cape, a graffitor specialized in the vandalism of work of the other graffiteurs.
1982 : the first exposure of Keith Haring takes place, with the gallery Tony Shafrazi
1982: Bando imports the New Yorkean graffiti in Paris. This early product can be disputed with Epsylon Point, an original painter, street-artist before the letter and not having never been afraid to mix the techniques and the cultures: pochoirist, graffitor " new-yorkais" , more traditional painter, etc
1983: beginnings in Paris of Saho, Skki, Blitz, Lokiss, Scipion, TDK, Doc.. The first groups are the Bomb Squad 2, the Paris City Painters, the Bad Boys Crew. The majority of the first graffiteurs are Parisian beautiful quarters, the movement will spend years before reaching the cities
spring 1983: Blitz, Asphalt and Spirit paint a Parisian subway. It is a first. The second will be painted by Blitz, Asphalt and Saho.
1983 : left documentary “the Wars Style” (Henry Chalfant/Tony Silver), where appear graffiti-artists such as Seen, Dondi White, Kaze 2, Daze, Iz the Wiz, etc
1983, opening of the gallery of Sidney Janis (57ème street, New York), devoted to the graffiti. Sidney Janis, born in 1896 and deceased in 1989, was a collector of art " primitif" American since the beginning of the years 1940.
1984: left the book “Subway Art”, by Henry Chalfant and Martha Cooper. It will be the bible of the amateurs of graffiti " new-yorkais"
1984 : The RATP engages the graffiti-artist Futura 2000 for its countryside " Smart ticket, ticket choc" (of the posters diverted with the bomb)
1984: The gallery Tony Shafrazi exposes Kenny Scharf.
1984 : the exposure Arte de Frontiera - NY Graffiti , organized by the Modern art gallery of Bologna (and which will travel to Milan) proposes with the European public a selection of artists " post-graffiti" : Basquiat, Haring, Quinones, Lady Pink, Zephyr, Daze, Rammellzee, A-One, etc
1984: One starts to speak about Post-Graffiti, and it is the title of one exposure to the gallery of Sidney Janis.
1984 : The Frères Ripoulin expose to the Gallery of the Day Agnès B.
1985 : The Frères Ripoulin expose to the Gallery Tony Shafrazi, in New York. It is a first true bond between Paris and New York.
1985 : left the book of D. Riout, D.Gurdjian, J. - P. Leroux, “the book of the graffiti” to the Alternate editions.
January 14th 1986: first interview of graffiti-artists “hip French hop”, by the Morning: Lokiss, Scipion, Saho, Skki and Jacki.
1987 : opening of the museum of the old graffiti with Verneuil-in-Halatte (Oise)
1987: left the book “Spraycan Art”, by Henri Chalfant and James Prigoff. This book is important because it is the first to show that the graffiti exists out of New York, it treats other American cities but also of Paris, Barcelona, Amsterdam, London,…
1988: it is, according to the sociologist Alain Vulbeau, the year when " tags" became unbearable for the Parisian population: the articles of the newspapers do not speak about it indeed more in a benevolent way, in the public opinion urban vandalism took the step on the art of street.
1989 : the last coach graffity is put at the garage by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority with New York, completing successfully a 5 year campaign intended for éradiquer the graffiti in the subway of the city. This countryside cost approximately 250 million dollars.
1992 (?) a publicity of the RATP showing a tag Megaton informs: although our galleries are attended, certain modes of expression will have there no more their place .
January 12th 1992, the subway station the Louvre-Rivoli is vandalisée. The image of ancient copies of taguées statues will make the round the world tour and will shock much the public opinion.
January 18th 1992, the Barber magazine titrates Tags: dissatisfaction and points finger the benevolence of Jack Lang with regard to the graffiti.
February 25th 1992: at the time of a point presses, Jacques Chirac, mayor of Paris, proposes to regulate the sale of the paint sprays.
March 1992: with Bruniquel (Lot-et-Garonne), Scout S (scouts of France) engaged in an operation of depollution, erase cave paintings dating from the era Magdalénienne (~15 000 years) while believing to clean graffiti.
1996 : the company Keep America Beautiful, Inc. and the company Sherwin-Williams (manufacturing paint sprays Krylon, legendary in the world of the graffiti) launches a program anti-graffiti: Graffiti Hurts (the graffiti hurts).
1999 : a survey carried out for S.N.C.F. (National company of the Railroads]] made state of a majority opinion against the tags and graffiti which are associated with the insecurity. At the same time, in France, they are the rioting in the suburb and in Paris within the demonstrations coeds. The insecurity is felt everywhere and by any sign… This survey will be thus the pretext or the reason, it is according to, for the lawsuit which S.N.C.F. for the censure of the graffiti in the magazines will engage.

XXIe century

2001 : opening to Paris of the Gallery Speerstra, dedicated to the graffiti. Willem Speerstra sell and exposes the graffiti kind since 1990 before being itself determined to open a space with its name. (In 2007, the gallery would have moved in Switzerland however.)
2003: the SNCF attacks in justice the magazines Graff' it! , Graff Bombz and Mix Grill, which she shows to encourage the phenomenon graffiti on her supports in the publication of photographs. Déboutée in first authority, the SNCF appeals…
February 17th 2006: left the video game of adventure Marc Ecko' S Getting Up: Contents Under Presses by the editor Atari. The hero is a graffor, who more is, vandal and violent one. The play was carried out with the councils of many celebrities of the kind, who received, they, compensation (Futura 2000 for example).
At the end of September 2006: The SNCF loses the appeal which it had brought with the magazines Graff' it! , Graff Bombz and Mix Grill. Newspapers, galleries, and consorts preserve the right to show and diffuse photographs of Graffiti same vandals being given the fact that those do not have as an end to encourage with degradation but to relay it well, with the possibility that it is an Art for the public which look at them.

This same moment, the Speerstra Gallery and the Publisher Graff It Productions organize an exposure and publish a book (after the famous work " Subway Art") where Henry Chalfant presents to the general public a series of new graffés New Yorkean subways, gone back to 1979 to 1984. The Minister for the Culture, Mr. Donnedieu de Vabres, opens when with him, the doors of the Large palace of Paris to the Hip-Hop culture.

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