Chronology of the War of Algeria

As of March 1954, nine years after the Massacre of Sétif, is founded the revolutionary Comité of unit and action by new “the historical leaders of FLN”, in party exit of the OS, whose objective is the independence of Algeria by the armed struggle. At the time, the partisans of independence are only a one thousand and have only some cartridges of dynamite and 32 old Italian rifles…

Beginning of the hostilities

Early the morning of November 1st 1954, the men of FLN start attacks in various areas of Algeria against military installations, police stations, warehouses, equipment of communications, and public buildings. Several soldiers and of the French civilians are targeted making FLN a well organized organization. Among the first victims, in the throats of Tighanimine Aurès, at 7 o'clock in the morning, the men of the maquis block the coach and reduce its two French passengers, a couple of teachers, Monnerot, and the caïd of the locality close to Me chounèche, Hadj Sadok. This last, former officer of the French Army, is cut down when he wants to leave a gun his gandoura . The gust kills Guy Monnerot who is held at his sides. His wife is seriously wounded.

Since Cairo, the FLN diffuses a radio broadcast inviting the people of Algeria to join in a national fight for restoration of the State Algerian, sovereign, democratic and social, within the framework of the principles of Islam and to put an end to a colonization which lasted nearly one century and half: To prove our real desire of peace, to limit the losses in human lives and the bloodsheds, we advance a honourable platform of discussion to the French authorities if these last once and for all recognize with the people the right to lay out of eux-mêmes.

the recognition of Algerian nationality by an official declaration abrogeant the edicts, decrees and laws making of Algeria a French ground in refusal of the history, geography, language, religion and manners of the Algerian people.
the opening of the negotiations with the spokesperson authorized of the Algerian people on the basis of recognition of sovereignty algérienne.

In front of these attacks, the , Minister of Interior Department François Mitterrand (UDSR) answers whereas Algeria, it is France… And which among you would hesitate to employ all the means to preserve France? There is a great difference between Tunisia and Morocco, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, Algeria, which belongs to the Republic. . It is also the reaction of the president of the Council Pierre Mendès France, which, a few months before, negotiated in Geneva the end of the French presence in Indo-China, these positions reflect the tonality of the French policy during the five years to come. The November 12th, it declares with the National Assembly: The criminal will of some men a repression without weakness must answer. That one awaits to us no care with regard to sedition, no compromise with it. One does not compromise when it is a question of defending the interior peace of the Nation and the integrity of the Republic. The departments of Algeria belong to the Republic, they are French for a long time. Never France, never no Parliament, never no government will yield on this basic principle. Algeria, it is France and not a foreign country which us protégeons.

During the war of independence, several Arab and African States recognize the Provisional government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) like representative Algeria. Among the nonArab countries, the democratic Popular republic of Korea (or North Korea) is the first State to officially recognize the GPRA, to which it gave a political and military support.

1955, the state of emergency and the mobilization of the quota

on January 25th, Jacques Soustelle is named general governor with for mission of negotiating reforms with moderate Algerian. Arrived to Algeria (February 15th), it is coldly accommodated by the pied-noir ones of Algiers. The French quota passes from 55.000 to 80.000 men.
on March 3rd, falls of the government of Mendès-France.
on March 28th, Soustelle meets a delegation of the FLN clandestinely.
on April 3rd, Edgar Faure promulgates the state of emergency in Algeria.
on July 8th, the FLN creates the UGEMA (General union of the Moslem students of Algeria).
August 20th, 1955: Insurrection of Constantinois (1955). On the initiative of Youcef Zighoud, the soldiers of the ALN make a show of force and ravel armed in Constantinois but the movement transfers quickly with the massacre. During the confrontations 26 soldiers are killed, and 92 civilians whose 71 Europeans are massacred.
on August 23rd, the government counteracts by deciding the recall of the released quota and as well as the recall of the first quota of 1954. Repression by the French Army, disproportionate, makes several thousands of victims, the army evoking the number officially of: 1273 died and the FLN: 12000.
on September 30th, the problem of the “Algerian question” was registered with the day order of the General meeting of the United Nations and France is committal for trial.

France tries to avoid internationalization under the pretext of police operations inside the French departments under the jurisdiction and the authority of the ministry for the French Interior. However, from a legal point of view, only the bodies of police force and the national police could be used. It was then illegal to call upon the quota apart from a war and the French foreign legion which could fight only apart from the French territory and in war which is a Rule of law with its laws and rules legal. One counted nearly 1.000 attacks…

1956, special capacities, the congress of Soummam

The anticipated elections in France, give a relative majority to the republican Face (left). The new president of the Council, Guy Mollet is initially in favor of independence, and even of fast independence. But the day known as of tomatos and the difficulty in obtaining a parliamentary majority on Algeria modify its position towards the triptych “cease-fire, elections, negotiations”, which proves in practice impossible to hold. Repression against the FLN and the attack of its external supports (Crisis of Suez) continue.

on January 7th, the Oulémas publish a proclamation in favor of independence.
on January 22nd, Albert Camus calls in vain with the civil truce.
on February 6th, “Day of tomatos”: at the time of the installation of the new governor, the general Catroux, Mollet is decried in Algiers. He moves back and places Robert Lacoste, nearer to the pied-noir ones.
on March 12th, the Mollet government makes vote the law on the “special capacities” of the army. The latter seizes more and more powers up to that point held by civilians (police force, justice). It is adopted by the majority of the parliamentary groups, of the Communist party to the National center of independent and country the (the greatest party of right at the time).
on April 11th, whereas the Algerian Parliament is dissolved, of new soldiers of the quota is sent. There are 400.000 soldiers in July 1956 against 200.000 in January 1956.
on April 22nd, Ferhat Abbas, Ahmed Francis and Tewfik El Medani join the FLN.
the congress of the Soummam is held the August 20th 1956 in Ifri-Ouzellaguen in a Berber small house, in the department of Béjaïa, a very difficult mountainous region of access in Kabylie. It is with this congress that the bases of the Algerian State are posed in the political platform of Soummam adopted by the Face of national release, organized mainly by Abane Ramdane.

The Mollet government is embourbé in infernal gears: the exactions of the French Army, the attacks of the FLN, from now on blind answer.

September 30th: Attacks of the Milk Bar and the Cafeteria .

on October 22nd, the plane of Air Morocco , leading of Reduction to Tunis five of the historical leaders of the FLN, is illegally diverted in international space on Algiers. Hocine Has Ahmed, Ahmed Ben Bella, Mohammed Boudiaf, Mohamed Khider and Mostefa Lacheraf is stopped and remains imprisoned until 1962. The general Salan is named commander-in-chief of the army in Algeria (November 15th).
In November, France which suspects the colonel Nasser of supporting in means and of weapons the FLN engages in the “countryside of Egypt” what freezes its relations with the Arab countries S and the Soviet Union.
December 5th: The general advices of Algeria and the controls municipalities like the metropolitan communes are dissolved.
December 30th: “Attacks on immigrants” occur at the conclusion of the burial of Amédée Froger, president of the Federation of the mayors of Algeria, assassinated by the FLN.

1957, the battle of Algiers, torture, stoppings at the borders, confrontation FLN-MNA

The patrols of the “police force” constitute the daily routine of the gendarmerie to protect the large farms isolated at the beginning from the armed conflict. This one intensifies by moving the fight towards urban terrorism.

The arid and mountainous ground, combined with one weak density of population, does not allow combat of “partisans” with the mobility of dispersions and concentrations in the battles of the war of Indo-China. There is thus a temptation for the FLN to move the engagements towards the urban centres.

The first attack with the explosive is made by the extremists of “French Algeria” to maintain the Moslems in the fear. The ALN makes attacks in reprisals. Follows a spiral of attacks and against-attacks.

January 7th: Civil capacity, exceeded, called upon the army to bring back the “calm one” to Algiers. It is the Bataille of Algiers, carried out by the general Massu, who sees the parachutists (24 000 stopped suspects, several thousands of summary executions (“wood drudgery”). The massive use of torture is revealed by the book the Question which will be prohibited (February 18th, 1958). Courageously, the general Pâris of Bollardière request to be raised of its command on March 28th, 1956 to protest against the methods employed by the army. It will bail out of a 60 days sorrow of fortress (April 15th, 1956).
January 16th: Attack with the bazooka perpetrated against the Salan general by the extremists of the Organization of resistance of French Algeria.
January 28th: In connection with the debates envisaged with UNO on the Algerian question, the FLN launches a watchword of eight days general strike, which is followed enough.
February 16th: The parachutists of the colonel Bigeard capture Larbi Ben Me Hidi, coordinator of the terrorist activities in Algiers and Algerian hero of the battle of Algiers. Subjected to torture, he will be assassinated a few days later by the French Army which will hang it (March 5th).
May 21st: Given up by the line which reproaches him its financial and social policy, the Mollet government falls and vacancy ago of the capacity during three weeks. It will have been longest of IVe République (17 months) without for that managing to solve the crisis in Algeria, which worsened. In the book Socialism betrayed , one reads the origins of the longevity of the Mollet government: “ the line is keep silent because its ideas are with the capacity. The left is keep silent because its men are there” (A. Philip).

The great parliamentary parties are dominated by the partisans of French Algeria: SFIO with Guy Mollet, MRP with Georges Bidault, radicals with Martineau-Desplat, elected of Marseilles where the great trade is attached to the Algerian market, gaullists with Michel Debré, the independent ones (CNIP) with the senator Borgeaud, one of the richest owners of Algeria. In Mail of anger , newspaper violently defending French Algeria and appealing with the return of the de Gaulle general to the capacity, her owner Michel Debré written: “ That the Algerians know well that the abandonment of French sovereignty in Algeria is an illegitimate act which puts those which make it, or make themselves accessory from there, outlaw and those which are opposed to it, whatever the average employee, in a state of self-defense . ” (December 2nd, 1957). François Mitterrand written: “ Without Africa, it will not have there French history to the 21e century . ” () the opposition to torture and the war is initially the fact of isolated intellectuals, then of small groups. PCF, at the hesitant beginning, will give an opinion only in the last years of the conflict.

May 29th and 30th: A commando of the FLN massacres all the men of the village of Melouza into small-Kabylie (Wilaya III) (315 dead). The FLN gets rid of its competitors by liquidating rare maquis MNA and while being caught some with its militants (what the French newspapers call of the “settlings of score between North-Africans”).
June 9th: With Algiers, attack asserted by the FLN with the casino of the Cornice (8 dead).
June 21st: Maurice Audin, attending in mathematics the university of Algiers, member of PCA is tortured with died by the parachutists. It had been stopped on June 11th by Philippe Erulin.
September 1st: The French Army exerts a right of continuation in Tunisia. On the border with Tunisia, the French Army builds a line of forts connected by barbed iron lines, minefields and patrolled by armoured trains, the “Ligne Morice”.
September 12th: Paul Teitgen, old resistant, catholic, which decided against the practice of torture in Algeria, resigns of its position of secretary general of the police force in Algiers.
September 30th: The government of Felix Gaillard makes vote an outline law promising the respect of the Algerian personality which is pushed back by the National Assembly and is refused by the FLN.
December 20th: With Tétouan (Morocco), the high ranking official of the Algerian FLN Abane Ramdane is assassinated by other members of the FLN

1958, the May 13rd, the arrival of the de Gaulle general, the GPRA, the battle of the borders, oil

February 8th: the French Army makes bombard the Tunisian village of Sakiet Sidi Youssef (at the algéro-Tunisian border) under pretext that members of the ALN found refuge there. One counts 70 dead and 150 wounded (cf the article Bombardement of Sakiet Sidi Youssef). Tunisia addresses a recourse in front of UNO. The Gouvernement Felix Gaillard falls on April 15th. Whereas the situation becomes explosive in Algiers, nobody presents himself to be a president of the Council.
At the beginning of May: The gaullist Jacques Chaban-Delmas organizes a “plot” intended to ensure the return of the de Gaulle general the capacity sets up himself: petitions are addressed to president Coty and the armed forces are agitated in the messes. In its Memories for tomorrow ( Flammarion , 1997), Chaban will write in connection with the nomination of Delbecque to its cabinet: “ We fought for the same cause, the minister by leading the policy which it considered in conformity with the interest of the nation, conspirators by conspiring . ”
May 10th: The minister-resident Robert Lacoste leaves Algeria: the civil capacity does not have any more a representative in Algiers. A few days earlier (May 8th), it had publicly evoked the danger of a “ diplomatic Dien-Bien-Phû ” following the committal for trial of France by Tunisia in connection with the business of Sakiet Sidi Youssef.
May 12th: In Paris, after several weeks of cabinet crisis, Pierre Pflimlin (MRP) agrees to form a government.
May 13rd: Of the French of Algeria express in the streets then raise themselves in order to protest against the execution of three French prisoners by the FLN:

a prepared movement: Three factious was agitated: Robert Martel, OJ Ortiz, Poujadiste, owner of the Brewery of the Forum in Algiers and Pierre Lagaillarde, lawyer, reservist parachutist and president of stirring up the AGEA (General association of the students of Algeria). After having the deposit of a sheaf to the war memorial, crowd is agitated, sung the Marseillaise and claims: “ French Algeria! ” the operation “ Résurrection ” is prepared: it must allow the parachutists based in Corsica and from Algeria to take of control of the capital. De Gaulle will always deny to have given her downstream to such a company.
the graded tops of the army line up side of the factious one: A few thousands of men, often armed, then take the direction of the palate of the general Government. The C.R.S. and the “paras” hardly stumble. These men penetrate in the building and delivers to confusion offices. Taken of runs by their victory, they leave the place with the general Massu and the general Salan who feel “ once again betrayed by the back ”. To the evening of May 13rd, Felix Gaillard entrusts all the capacities to the army which will preserve them until October 1958.

With the balcony of the building of the “G.G. ” (General Government) the Massu general, commander-in-chief in Algiers, very popular, accepts the presidency of a Committee of Public Hello, the gaullist Leon Delbecque being vice-president. The CSP intends to exert the power in Algeria until a government French pro-Algeria settles in Paris.

May 14th (2. 45): In Paris, as envisaged, the National Assembly invests Pierre Pflimlin like new President of the Council.
May 14th: The President of the Republic Rene Coty orders with the army to return in the duty: he is not obeyed. In Algiers, the Salan general declares: “ I take in hand temporarily the destinies of French Algeria . ” Thus, all the capacities, civilians and soldiers in Algeria passed to the army.
May 15th: In Algeria, Salan speaks after several speakers who addressed to crowd since May 13rd and said: “ We will gain because we deserved it and that there is the sacred way for the size of France. My friends, I shout “Live France! Live French Algeria!” ”. It is on the point of leaving the microphone but Delbecque, vice-president of the C.S.P., blow to him: “De Gaulle, my general Lives! ” He hesitates, returns to the microphone and lance: “ Lives de Gaulle! ” that crowd begins again. According to the historian Andre Siegfried, on May 13rd is “ 6-February one which made a success of ”.
May 17th: Persuaded that de Gaulle will be able to preserve French Algeria, Soustelle returns to Algeria.
May 24th: The Corsica raises and forms a Committee of Public Hello which puts side of insurgent of Algiers. There still, it would be about a handling on behalf of the partisans of the return of the de Gaulle general.
May 27th: The de Gaulle general dissociates many inclinations putschists of certain French soldiers. With 12:00, it makes publish an official statement who throws oil on fire: “ I started yesterday the regular process necessary to the establishment of a republican government . ” It treats “ bawlers of Algiers ” the men of 13-May.

June 4th: The president of the de Gaulle Council accomplishes its first voyage in Algeria, which will be completed on June 7th. It acts for de Gaulle, hardly invested, to show that it controls the situation. It there affirms the authority of the State and makes sure of the obedience of the soldiers. To Algiers, being addressed to crowd, it launches her famous: “ I included/understood you! ” under the acclamations of Europeans, phrases of a “calculated ambiguity” (B. the Son-in-law) and proposes the equality between Européens and Algerians: “ In all Algeria, it has only one category of inhabitants there: there is only of the French with whole share (…), with the same rights and same duties. ” A few days later however, in Mostaganem, it will release unhappy “a Vive French Algeria! ” which will highly be reproached to him.

June 9th: On decision of de Gaulle, the ministry for Algeria is attached to the presidency of the Council. Having observed the field reality in Algeria, he declares with his principal private secretary Pierre Lefranc: “ We cannot keep Algeria. Believe well that I am the first to regret it but the portion of Europeans is too weak . ”

It however will continue the effort of “ pacification ”, to negotiate as a military winner and to make of a cease-fire as bases with any negotiation, to rejoin the most people with the thesis of independent Algeria and to try to preserve the the Sahara, its oil reservoirs and its military bases, of which that of Reggane.

July 1st: The president of the de Gaulle Council accomplishes its second voyage in Algeria, which will be completed on July 3rd.

August 20th: In Algeria, the direction of the FLN is purged by the leaders of the ALN

September 19th: The GPRA (Provisional government of the Algerian Republic) settles in Cairo (Egypt). Ferhat Abbas, which is named by it President, will establish diplomatic relations with several foreign countries.

October 3rd: De Gaulle proposes the Plan of Constantine in order to in the long term found an equality between the various communities of Algeria. Then it offers the “peace of the brave men” to insurgent the October 23rd. Those refuse it and react by forming GPRA on the model of GPRF.

December 19th: De Gaulle separates the civil capacities and soldiers by naming the acting general Delouvrier and the general Challe like successors from the Salan general.

1959, right to self-determination, the Shawl plan

The Challe general launches the plane of the same name which leads to a military victory over the ground without the political situation not improving, the ditch growing hollow between the communities and criticisms international continuing. The FLN constitutes an army of the borders in Tunisia.

The September 16th 1959 the De Gaulle general starts to consider another way publicly that the only military victory, speaking in a speech, in September, right of the Algerians to self-determination and proposing three solutions: secession, Francization or association, which will ignite French the Algérie mediums.

The French Europeans, but especially civilians and military do not include/understand the abrupt change of position of de Gaulle, who had promised one year to them earlier than it was going to solve the problem and to restore peace in French Algeria.

1960, the business If Salah, first negotiations in Melun

Demonstrations in counter-demonstrations, Europeans try to modify the policy of de Gaulle. It is in particular the case at the time of the Semaine of the barricades, the January 28th 1960, which has due immediate the recall to Massu. Algerian war veterans of the French Army gather and are photographed close to barricades to make accept the rallyings in “French Algeria”. France maintains an army of 400 000 men in Algeria (the United States had 500 000 men with the Vietnam with most extremely of military operations), the military solution proves to be a dead end. The frontage of the “rallyings” cannot hide one bloody underground war any more.

January 29th: In a radiotelevized speech, president de Gaulle requires the obedience of all the French.
February 13rd: The blue operation “Gerboise” corresponds to the explosion of the first Bombe has French in with Reggane (the Sahara French).
February 29th: With Tunis, Ferhat Abbas, in the name of the GPRA, makes a statement in order to ask for the opening of talks.
From March 3rd to 5th: In a “round of the cookings” in Algeria, de Gaulle binds the negotiations to a military victory.
April 9th: The students of UNEF vote a motion claiming of the negotiations with FLN for a cease-fire and self-determination.
June 14th: De Gaulle decides for “Algerian Algeria”.
June 16th: Constitution of the Face of French Algeria.
June 25th: An attempt at peace of the brave men takes place: three representatives of the wilaya of the interior (If Salah, If Lakhdar and If Mohammed) meet de Gaulle in the Elysium. Nothing will emerge but If Salah will die some time later in a skirmish. Some “until - boutists” will then show the capacity gaullist to liquidate any solution maintaining Algeria French. In fact, other combatants opposed to this project had put an end to this attempt.
August 12th: Two French soldiers are condemned to died by FLN.
September 5th: Beginning of the lawsuit of the members of the Network Jeanson.
September 6th: Publication of Proclamation of 121 French personalities on the right to insubordination in the “war of Algeria”. These people will be prohibited radio and of television.
September 14th: The Salan general gives an opinion against the Algerian policy of de Gaulle. He is to him interdict to go to Algeria.
October 14th: The assembly of the cardinals and the bishops of France condemns at the same time insubordination and the insults with the human person.
October 21st: Some intellectuals like Roland Dorgelès, Antoine Blondin, Roger Nimier or Jules Romain publish in Carrefour a proclamation against FLN, qualified “ fanatic, terrorist and fascistic minority ”.
November 4th: De Gaulle announces the behavior of a referendum on self-determination and evokes the “Algerian Republic”.
December 5th: Certain leaders activists of French Algeria flee in Spain.
December 13rd: At the conclusion of the voyage of president de Gaulle in Algeria, marked by bloody riots, the official results are of 127 killed people, including 8 Europeans.

1961, the OAS, the putsch, negotiations with Lugrin, stop of the offensive operations

January 8th: At the time of the referendum on the self-determination of Algeria organized by president de Gaulle, “yes” carries it with 75,25% of the votes cast in metropolis and 69,09% in Algeria. A speech of de Gaulle then recognizes the principle of the independence of Algeria.

The new orientation of the French policy caused to exasperate the pied-noir ones as well as the army and to push a certain number of partisans of French Algeria to enter clandestinity. February: members of the army are combined with civil extremists in order to found the secret armed Organization (OAS) which will launch a violent murder campaign and attacks, especially in Algiers and Oran.

March 2nd: At the conclusion of the lawsuit of the protagonists of the Week of the barricades, Pierre Lagaillarde is condemned to 10 years of prison.
April 3rd: Messali Hadj confirms its refusal to be erased in front of FLN.
April 11th: In a speech, president de Gaulle evokes the future of Algeria as a State-nation sovereign.
April 22nd: The military capacity tries a Putsch in order to reverse de Gaulle on the model of May 13rd, 1958 (putsch of the generals). The operation “Rebirth” envisages the unloading of parachutists in Corsica then in metropolis. The putsch fails after de Gaulle calls some with the civilians and with called.
May 20th: Grand opening with Evian of the talks with GPRA. An unilateral truce of the engagements takes place during one month.
July 12th: President de Gaulle decides for an Algerian State but also for a partition of the territory in order to be able to gather the pied-noir ones and to preserve the Sahara in the French bosom. The French troops start their withdrawal.
July 15th: Attack of OAS against Leon Etienne Duval, archbishop of Algiers, called “ monseigneur Mohammed ” by the “small White” of Algeria.
September 1st: OAS asserts many attacks in metropolis.
September 8th: An assassination attempt against president de Gaulle occurs with Pont-sur-Seine (Aube).
October 17th: Following a “curfew” imposed to the “Moslem French” of metropolis (October 5th), a manifestation of FLN is brutally repressed by the police force: several tens of Algerians are thrown in the Seine. The prefect of police Maurice Papon does not resign. “ secondary Regrettable but ” will say de Gaulle.
November 1st: Ahmed Ben Bella starts an hunger strike in prison to obtain the statute of political prisoner.
December 19th: Demonstrations in metropolis against OAS and for peace in Algeria make a hundred casualties.

1962, agreements of Evian, independence and the exodus

January 24th: For the “birthday” of the “week of the Barricades” of Algiers, OAS makes 22 attacks, of which one in the residence of Hubert Beuve-Méry, director of the newspaper Le Monde .
February 8th: A demonstration organized by the Left in Paris against the attacks of the OAS, which occurs in spite of the prohibition of the government, is brutally repressed by the police force: one counts 8 dead at the subway station Charonne.
February 13rd: An immense demonstration for the burial of the victims of Charonne joins together nearly 500.000 Parisian with the Cimetière of the Father-Lachaise.
February 25th: After 3 days of attacks on immigrants and attacks with Algiers, one counts 109 dead.
March 4th: Official resumption of negotiations to Evian.
March 15th: OAS makes attacks against several persons in charge of social centres of Algiers, of which the writer Mouloud Feraoun.

Rejecting cease it fire proclaimed on March 13rd by President Charles de Gaulle, the OAS cuts off itself in its bastion from Bab El-Oued, district of Algiers. The battle which is followed from there gives place to a fratricidal fight between mobile Delta commandos and guards. Soon the aviation of the Naval Aviation rams the buildings occupied by the OAS, while the tanks of the French Army give an opinion in the district in state of siege.

March 18th, following the agreements of Evian, president Charles de Gaulle announces with the ORTF the cease-fire and the nearest behavior of a referendum in metropolis concerning the self-determination of Algeria. It will be followed of a second referendum to the single college to Algeria.

The Accords of Evian are finally signed and put officially fine at the engagements enter the troops Frenchwoman and ALN.

Last fires of the OAS

March 23rd:

OAS opens fire on several police officers in Algiers.
the government pronounces a decree of amnesty for condemned Algerian (approximately 20.000).

The OAS tries to prevent independence by multiplying the murders and the attacks, while prohibiting pied-noir from moving. Algiers polarizes definitively between European and Moslem districts following this outburst of violence. The unavowed goal is to push the Moslem mass exceeded to begin some to Europeans in order to make “rock” the army.

The assassinations of called by the OAS exceed the metropolis. Finally, the district of Bab-el-Wadi is blocked by the army. However officers favorable to French Algeria let the Commando Delta OAS flee it the district. The soldiers proceed then to the excavation of the district. The months of tension (attacks, murder of sympathizers) lead to some violences against the civilians. The OAS pushes Europeans to be expressed to force the military blockade. The situation skids when shots, probably come from the rows of the army, touch the demonstrators; it is the Fusillade of the street of Isly (March 26th, 1962) which will make approximately 60 dead side demonstrators.

March 25th: Arrest of the Jouhaud ex-general.
March 26th: In Algeria, the French Army opens fire on French demonstrators in Algiers (60 dead).
April 20th: Arrest of the Salan general.

July 3rd, 1962, three months after the agreements of Evian, President de Gaulle announces officially, by the way of a telegram, the recognition of a new independent State, the Algerian République.