Chronology of Venice

Foot-note: this chronology relates to Venice, State independent and sovereign. It ends the May 9th 1797.

Foundation with Saint Marc

Ve century: The invasions of Goths of Alaric Ier and the Huns of Attila, push the local populations to be taken refuge on the site.
452 : The town of Venice is rested by refugees of Padoue and Aquilée which flees the Huns.
466 : The representatives of these communities decide to the annual election Powerful orators for a rudimentary system of government.
Life century: Venice, become shopping mall, gives its maritime support for Constantinople against Ravenne (its fleet is then most powerful of the Adriatique). The first Venetian ones remain subjected to the Empire.
540 : A particularly important date in the history of Venice, Ravenne is conquered by the Byzantines ordered by the Bélissaire general. This incursion of Byzance in Venezia will have enormous consequences for the future of Venice since is thanks to it that Venice will be able, thereafter, to obtain a statute different from that of the Empire of Rome and, from there, to become independent of the two empires thereafter and to build to it his.
568 : Invasion of Italy by the Lombards of the king Alboïn: new important migration in direction of the lagoon.
697 : Election of the first Doge (“dux”) of Venice, Paolo Lucio Anafesto
717: Marcello Tegalliano, second doge
726: The emperor of Constantinople Leon III causes an serious attack by ordering the total destruction of the icons and the holy images. The imperial province of Italy is turned over against the emperor with the support of the pope Gregoire II. Orso Ipato, becomes doge.
737 - 742: 5 years interregnum during which Venezia is controlled by “magistri militum” elected for 1 year.
742 : Teodato Ipato (wire of Orso Ipato) is elected doge de Venise; it transfers the seat from the government of Héraclée to Malamocco, its capacity is quasi-absolute.
751 : Fall of Ravenne which falls to the hands from Lombards led by Aistulf. Pépin the Brief deposits Childéric III and seizes the Franc throne; at the request of the pope Etienne II, it passes to Italy in 754 and crushes the Lombardes armies. It gives up part of its conquests with Etienne (creation of the papal State) but guard the control of Italy of north: Venice is saved, the area of the lagoons does not form part of the territorial redistribution.
764 - 775: Maurizio Galbaio (7th doge), period of economic prosperity and installation of Venetian in the islands of the lagoon, up to that point neglected.
787 : Election of Giovanni Galbaio with the dogat
800: Crown Charlemagne says Charles the Large one, emperor of Occident, it is hostile with Venetian for their traffic of slaves.
804 : Obelerio Antenoreo succeeds Giovanni Galbaio.
805 : The doge swears homage to Charlemagne in Aachen, on January 25th and chooses a franque wife among the ladies of the court.
810 : At the request of the doge (calling upon the treaty of 805), Pip of Italy, wire of Charlemagne and king of Lombards in Ravenne, undertakes a forwarding to defend Venice, vis-a-vis the threat of Byzance; this intrusion causes the hostility of Venetian, Pépin is withdrawn against the promise of a tribute.
811 - 827: Angelo Participazio is elected doge, his residence on Campiello della Cason becomes the first palate of the doges, it undertakes vast work of town planning: drainage and enlarging of the islands of Rialto, fortification and consolidation of Lidi, digging of channels, staying of banks of the islands, depression of thousands of posts in the mud to support stone constructions. Venezia belongs always theoretically to the Byzantine empire, but in fact is entirely autonomous. Mutual recognition of the two empires, Byzance and Aix: the Francs obtain the acceptance of the imperial statute and in exchange, give up any claim on Venezia.
827 : Giustiniano Participazio, eleventh doge.

The patronage of Marc Saint

828 : Two Venetian merchants bring back Alexandria (Egypt) a mortal remains and ensuring that it is about that of Marc the Evangelist. The doge orders the construction of a particular vault, holy Marc becomes the owner of the city, but the flight of this corpse and the possession of a relic with for goal to equip Venice with a mystical and political radiation particular.
829 : Giovanni Ier Participazio, twelfth doge.
836 - 864: dogat of Pietro Tradonico.
840 : Vis-a-vis the threat of Slaves pirates who asphyxiate the trade in the Adriatic, Pietro Tradonico concludes a treaty with Lothaire (grandson of Charlemagne); this pact confirms the preceding agreements and the doge commits himself ensuring the defense of the Adriatic. In parallel, the Patriarche of Constantinople arrives at Venice, whose he requests the active assistance against the Sarrasin danger.
841 : Venetian forwarding against Buckwheats: the Vénitienne fleet is run and the infantry, unloaded meadows of Tarente, swept. The Sarrasins go up the Adriatic, plunder Ancône, but cannot unload in Venice, saved by its geographical location. In spite of the double threat on sea (Slaves pirates and Buckwheats) which will still perdurera decades, Venice is from now on the first warehouse and principal clearing house of the Mediterranean Chrétienne.
864 : December 13rd, a conspiracy assassinates the doge Pietro Tradonico, follows several days of riots and street battles in all the city. The calm cost with the death of the conspirators and Orso Ier Participazio succeeds to him (until 881). This last reorganizes the State (centralization and fight against the arbitrary one of the supreme capacity by the election of judges) and the Church (decentralization and independence of évêchés), without the problem of the nepotism being regulated.
881 - 887: dogat of Giovanni II Participazio.
887 : The doge Pietro Ier Candiano is killed with the head of a forwarding against the pirates Dalmates, five months after his election.
888 : Pietro Tribuno succeeds to him until 912. The treaties with the Western Empire are renewed into 888 and 891. The last decade of the 9th century is one period of peace and prosperity.
899 : Invasion of the Magyar , the cities around the lagoon succumbs, but Tribuno inflicts a fast and total defeat to them. The doge undertakes nevertheless work of defense and fortification of the city.
912 : Election of Orso II Participazio, it reigns until 932; its dogat is characterized by peace and prosperity.
932 - 939: Dogat of Pietro II Candiano. The Candiani family will exert her influence on Venice during one half-century.
939 -942 : Dogat of Pietro Participazio.
942 -959 : Dogat of Pietro III Candiano.
959 : Pietro IV Candiano doge until 976. In 946, it is associated with the government of his father, but their rupture causes a civil war. Captured, he is banished with perpetuity. One finds it with the head of a squadron of corsairs which blocks the galères République with the mouth of the Po. With died of his father, he is elected doge.
976 : The doge causes the rising of his people when he wants to enlist the Venetian ones for the defense of his interests in Ferrarais. The palate and 300 buildings are destroyed or damaged by fire. He is assassinated by the noble ones, but the city is to be rebuilt. Pierre Orseolo succeeds to him, it makes rebuild many buildings of which the basilica Saint-Marc.

978 : Pierre Orseolo withdraws himself with the Abbaye Saint-Michel of Cuxa, accompanied by Saint Romuald, it remains there until his death into 997. Vitale Candiano takes his place for a 14 month reign.
979 -991 : Dogat of Tribuno Memo.
983 : Blockade of the Republic by the emperor of Occident Otton II at the instigation of a group of Venetian exiled, carried out by Stefano Coloprini. Venice is threatened by the famine and the imperial supervision. The attack of the city does not have place because of died of Coloprini and that of the emperor Otton II, the same year.
985 : Venice and Genoa start to make Commerce between the Asia and the Western Europe.
991 : Pietro II Orseolo becomes doge (until 1008). Venice is then in a difficult situation as well on the level of the prestige external as of moral of the people. During the first 5 years of its reign, it restores the mutual commercial relations with the two empires and valley of the friendly relations with the emperor Otton III of the Holy roman Empire. He addresses embassies near the emirs of the Muslim world and develops new commercial exchanges. Venice takes the control of the east coast of the Adriatic and the doge becomes “Dux Dalmatiae”.
1001 : Stay in Venice of the emperor Otton III (its main home is with Rome).
1006 : Famine and plague in the city.
1008 : Period of disorders until 1032.
1009 -1026: Dogat of Ottone Orseolo.
1026 -1032 : Dogat of Pietro Barbolano.
1032 : In reaction to the influence of the Orseoli family, the Venetian ones elect Domenico Flabanico, which starts by prohibiting the corégence, and thus in practice designation by the doge of a successor. The eleven years of its reign are one period of peace and prosperity. A short interregnum intervenes with its death, during which Poppo d' Aquilée benefits from it to plunder the treasures of the city.
1043 : Domenico Contarini (doge until 1071) continues the policy of its predecessor; out of the city, a military forwarding takes place on the Dalmate dimension, in 1062.
1071 -1084 : Dogat of Domenico Selvo.

The Norman ones in Italy

1081 : The Byzantine emperor Alexis Ier Comnène, threatened by the Norman ones, requests the assistance of the doge Domenico Selvo. In 1059, Robert de Hauteville, known as Robert Guiscard (the skilful one) had received from the pope Nicolas II, the duchies of Apulie, Calabria and Sicily, but considered a general attack of the Byzantine Empire with Constantinople for objective. Unloading of Robert de Hauteville on the territory of the empire with Durazzo. It is a threat for Venice which dispatches its navy, the fleet Norman is cast, but the unloaded army is intact; Robert seizes the Illyrie, then city Macedonian of Kastoria, on the road of Constantinople.
1082 : The Byzantine Empire recognizes the equality of power of Venice. Venice is authorized to trade in the space of the Byzantine Empire.
1084 : election of Vital Faliero de Doni. Catch of Rome by the emperor Henri IV, the pope Gregoire VII request of the assistance to Robert de Hauteville, stopping it in its walk towards Constantinople. Venice takes again temporarily the advantage, but the return of Guiscard is a catastrophe: one speaks about 13 thousand dead Vénitien side. Venice underwent a defeat, but a few months later, on the island of Céphalonie, Robert Guiscard and his army are decimated by an epidemic of typhoid. The Normande threat disappears temporarily.

1093 : The construction of the Basilique Saint-Marc is finished in Venice.
1094 : Dedication of the news Basilica Saint-Marc (that visible today) whose operational startup goes back to the doge Domenico Contarini (1043-1071).
1095 : November 27th, at the time of the council of Clermont the pope Urbain II sum the Christendom to assist from the East: it is the call to first crusade. It is only in 1099 qu ' a Venetian fleet (200 ships) leaves the port of the Lido.
1096 -1102 : Dogat Vital Ier Michele.
1102 -1117 : Dogat of Ordelafo Faliero.
1106 : Fires destroy the buildings out of wooden of the city, including 24 churches, but save the buildings out of stone and marble; the decision is made to privilege the permanent structure.
1110 : New Venetian forwarding in Holy Land led by the doge Ordelafo Faliero. This last undertakes a vast program of naval construction and these building sites will be known under the name of the “Arsenal”.
1117 -1130 : Dogat of Domenico Michele.
1126 : The Venetian fleet approaches Acre, during the 3rd forwarding, it destroys the Egyptian fleet with Ascalon. That puts an end to the maritime power Sarrasins in the Eastern Mediterranean. The doge Domenico Michel benefits from it to obtain important commercial concessions on behalf of the Francs (of which one the third of the town of Tyr); it is the beginning of the Vénitien empire of overseas. During the last years of his reign, the doge devotes himself to the interior matters of the city (whose rudimentary urban lighting) and in a monastery in 1130.
withdraws 1130 -1148: Dogat of Pietro Polani.
1130 : The Norman county of Sicily becomes a kingdom, the new king is Roger II of Hauteville, nephew of Robert Guiscard, it reigns under the name of Roger II of Sicily. In addition to the island, the kingdom includes/understands all the part in the south of Rome of the peninsula Italian.
1147 : At the request of Manual Ier Comnène, the Byzantine emperor, the Venetian ones answer an attack of the empire, carried out by Roger de Hauteville, who seized Corfou. The king of Sicily east demolishes by the Venetian ones, Corfou returns to the empire in 1149.
1148 -1156 : Dogat of Domenico Morosini.
1154 : Died of Roger de Hauteville, his son and successor Guillaume Ier of Sicily officially give to Venice all the maritime field beyond of a East-West line on the basis of Raguse (today Dubrovnik).
1155 : The June 18th, Frederic Barberousse is crowned emperor of the Saint Germanic Roman empire, it had been elected German emperor by the Prince-Voters the March 4th 1152.
1156 -1172 : Vital Dogat of II Michele.
1167 : Foundation of the League lombarde against the emperor and supported by papacy. Deterioration of the relations between Venice and Byzance.
1171 : A fleet of 120 Venetian buildings leaves the lagoon to tackle the Byzantine empire; it is a disaster, an epidemic of plague decimates the crews.
1172 -1178 : Dogat of Sebastian Ziani.
1172 : The situation of the Republic is critical: it is in war against the two empires (Saint Germanic Roman empire and Byzantine Empire) and it has to voluntarily set fire to its fleet to try to stop the epidemic of plague. Important constitutional reforms aiming at redefining the missions of the three components which control the State: the doge, the advisers and the people, are installation.
1175 : Signature with the king of Sicily Guillaume II of Sicily, known as the Good, of a valid treaty 20 years which grants to Venice commercial conditions much more favorable. Sign a peace treaty with Byzance.
1177 : Reconciliation in Venice of the pope Alexandre III and the emperor Frederic Barberousse; this last had undergone the May 29th 1176 an important defeat on behalf of the League lombarde at the time of the Bataille of Legnano. The stay of the emperor (8 weeks) and that of the pope (5 months) attract many travellers and merchants who develop the economy of the city. During this summer, Venice is the capital of Christendom and gains there the additional statute of large metropolis and Européenne power.
1178 -1192 : Dogat of Orio Mastropiero.
1186 : Signature of a treaty between Venice and the new emperor of Constantinople Isaac II Angel: it is committed defending the Republic and the construction of the ships of its fleet entrusts to him.

1187 : The July 4th, Battle of Hattin where Buckwheats under the orders of Saladin (Salāh Al Dīn Yūsuf Al-Ayyūbī) crush the army of Guy de Lusignan, king de Jérusalem; the October 2nd, Jerusalem the Holy City falls.
1189 : Beginning of the Third crusade, ordered by the pope Gregoire VIII, organized by Frederic Barberousse (which drowns in the south of the Anatolia in 1190), Richard Lion-hearted and Philippe Auguste. The participation of Venice is limited to the transport of troops, subject to remuneration.
1192 -1205 : Dogat of Enrico Dandolo.
1194 : The emperor Henri IV of the Holy roman Empire seizes Sicily after the death of Tancrède de Lecce: end of the Norman kingdom.
1195 : The future Alexis IV Angel takes refuge in Venice following the takeover of Alexis III Angel.
1202 : November 8th, the army of the Fourth crusade leaves Venice, the galère of the doge Enrico Dandolo is with the head of 480 vessels.
1204 : In February, Alexis V Doukas Murzuphle is crowned in the basilica Sainte- Sophie. In March: the treaty “Partitio Romanie” signed by the doge and the crusaders envisages the division of the Byzantine empire. From April 13rd to 15th, bag of Constantinople by the fourth crusade and escape of Alexis III Angel. The Byzantine empire is shared: a quarter for the new emperor, three quarters for Venice and knights. The fall of the Roman Empire of the East is the foundation by the Crusaders of Latin Empire of the East (or Worsens Latin of Constantinople), which lasts until in 1261. Crossed and Venetian set up the new administration and share the incomes of the empire. The Venetian ones plunder the city and dispatch the spoils in their city. Baudouin Ier, count of Flandres and Hainaut is promoted emperor and Venetian the Tommaso Morosini is named patriarch of Constantinople.
1205 : Died in Constantinople of the doge Enrico Dandolo: its reign is characterized by the primacy of the interests of Venice, with the detriment of the initial ambitions of the Fourth Crusade. Pietro Ziani is elected doge (his dogat hard until 1229) and avoids also title of “Main Sovereign of a quarter and half of the Empire of Romanie”. Factories of Soie open in Venice and in all the Italy of North.

Dogat and Conseil of the Ten

1229 -1249 : Dogat of Jacopo Tiepolo. For this period, the “promissione” (oath of crowning) is codified and become more constraining: the doge is not any more one autocrat, the function becomes more honorary.
1245 : Signature of a peace treaty between Venice and Western Empire.
1249 -1252 : Dogat of Marino Morosini.
1252 -1268 : Dogat of Reniero Zeno.
1261 : The March 13rd, Treated of Nymphaeon between Byzance and Genoa: Michel VIII Paleologist grants Genoa of the commercial privileges important to the detriment of Venice, which loses the monopoly of the trade with the Black Sea. In July, the basileus Michel VIII Paleologist enters triumphantly his capital Constantinople, taken again by the Greek general Alexios Stratigopoulos. The August 15th, Michel VIII Paleologist restores the Byzantine Empire, it is the end of the Latin Empire of the East and the beginning of the Paléologue dynasty. The competition Genes - Venice is exacerbated and their war extends to all Mediterranean.
1268 -1275 : Dogat of Lorenzo Tiepolo.
1268 : The famine falls down on Venice and a war bursts with Bologna which will last 3 years, without overcome winner nor. Peace treaty between Venice and the emperor Michel VIII Paleologist: the Venetian ones return to Constantinople, whereas Génois are isolated.
1270 : Venice is forced to make from the agreements with the close cities.
1275 -1280 : Dogat of Jacopo Contarini.
1277 : Disastrous forwarding against the town of Ancône.
1280 -1289 : Dogat of Giovanni Dandolo.
1280 : Signature of a peace treaty with Ancône. And taken Trieste attacks.

1284 : Earthquake and disastrous floods in Venice which in addition refuses to take part in a crusade against Pierre III of Aragon: papal anathema on the city, raised in 1285. Creation, by the doge Giovanni Dandolo, of the Ducat of gold of Venice which becomes the Monnaie trade in the Mediterranean.
1289 -1311 : Dogat of Pietro Gradenigo. Genoa imposes its supremacy in the Mediterranean, competing with Venice.
1289: The sultan of Egypt Al-Mansûr Aldine Sayf Qala' Al-Alfî gathers his forces for the final offensive against the remainders of the States Croisés; fall of Tripoli the April 27th.
1291 : The new sultan Khalil Ben Qala' a takes Acre, where a very important Vénitienne colony resides, massacre of the inhabitants by the Moslems.
1294 : New 3 year old war with Genes.

1298 : Marco Polo is prisoner of Génois, it dictates its Devisement of the World , or Livre of the Wonders .
1299 : Peace treaty de between Genes and Venice on the initiative of the pope and of Charles of Anjou: officially there is neither overcome winner nor, but the damage is considerable for the two cities.
1307 : Crisis with the pope Clement V for the control of Ferrare: new anathema, Venice very whole is excommunicated, its possessions are confiscated and its plundered boats. The Cardinal-Legate assembles a forwarding against Venice and the coalition besieges Ferrare (possession of the city) which must capitulate; new defeat of Sérénissime.
1310 : Following the anathema, the economic situation worsened considerably: demonstrations and street battles in the city. Failure of the Conspiracy Tiepolo-Querini carried out against the doge Pietro Gradenigo, which was informed. Creation of the the Council of the Ten (of temporary, it will be prolonged and in 1334 will become a permanent institution) whose action is done under the authority of the doge; its mission is the collection of information (it will become a service of espionage on a European scale) and the fast political action (decrees).
1311 -1312 : Dogat of Marino Zorzi.
1312 -1328 : Dogat of Giovanni Soranzo.
1313 : Lifting of excommunication against the sum of 90.000 gold guilders; cases being empty the government faced this obligation by a debenture loan of 3% on the incomes of all the citizens; return of peace and revival of the business. Road works in the city and creation of the first municipal service of fire; enlarging of the Arsenal.
1321 : Stay in Venice of Dante Alighieri, ambassador of Ravenne; he dies the same year at the time of his return.
1328 -1339 : Dogat of Francesco Dandolo.
1329 : Cangrande della Scala, despot of Vérone (which controls Vicence, Feltre, Belluno and Padoue) attacks Trévise and threatens economic Venice of blockade; this one must authorize right-of-way and discharge heavy tolls.
1336 : Venice gathers a troop of united and besieges the attacker which must require peace and signs it on January 24th, 1339. Venice annexes an important dry land zone and becomes a continental power: the supplies meat and cereals are now ensured and the risks of reduced blockades.
1339 -1343 : Dogat of Bartolomeo Gradenigo.
1340 : February 15th, the most important flood of all the history of Sérénissime.
1343 -1354 : Dogat of Andrea Dandolo, it is a well-read man who leaves several books.
1346 : Development of the carved decoration of the Palate of the Doges in Venice.
1348 : The rats which travel on the boats génois bring with them the Black Death in Europe, it destroys the 3/5 of the population of the city.
1350 : New war with Genes (until 1355), the Venetian fleet is demolished with Galatta in 1352, but takes its revenge in 1353 with Lojéra. Genes is voluntarily submitted to the archbishop of Milan, and Venice finds its supremacy in the Mediterranean.
1353 : Venice constitutes a league of several States (Montferrat, Ferrare, Vérone, Padoue, Mantoue, Faenza, Bohemia), vis-a-vis the threat of the power Milanaise. Pétrarque is sent in embassy near the Venetian ones, but it fails because the war continues.
1354 : 56 Venetian ships are captured.
1354 -1355 : Election with the dogat of Marino Faliero, old man acariâtre and brutal; it projects to reverse the government and the leading class. The plot of the doge is thwarted by the Council of the Ten. Condemned to died for high treason, he is decapitated the following year of his election.
1355 -1356 : Dogat of Giovanni Gradenigo.
1355 : June 1st, signature of a peace treaty between Genes and Venice (he was proposed in the name of Gènes by the three Visconti brothers, which share the suzerainty of Milan and to which Génois are fixed).
1356 -1361 : Dogat of Giovanni Delfino.
1356: Louis I {{er}} Large the, king de Hongrie, invades the Friuli; it requires the totality of the Venetian grounds in Dalmatie; the war against Hungary begins again in 1357, after a 5 months truce.
1358 : Hungarian successes impose the peace of Zara: Venice preserves its “will terra firma” but loses Dalmatie, which passes to the kingdom of Hungary.
1361 -1365 : Dogat of Lorenzo Celsi, characterized by ostentation and peace.
1362 : Revolt Crétoise colony, crushed by the Condottiere véronais Lucino dal Verme, engaged for the occasion.
1365 -1367 : Dogat of Marco Cornaro.
1367 -1382 : Dogat of Andrea Contarini.
1368 : Insurrection, then capitulation of Trieste. 4 year old war against Francesco da Carrara, lord of Padoue, combined of the Hungarians.
1373 : After two defeats with Narvesa and Fossanuova, Venice captures Etienne, the nephew of king de Hongrie who is constrained to capitulate and to accept the Draconian conditions of the Venetian ones. A larval war begins again during three years in the area of Trévise, against the duke of Austria, combined of Francesco da Carrara. Taken Cyprus by Génois, the young king preserves his throne but must pay an annual tribute of 40 000 guilders of gold, a compensation for 2 million and to provide hostages.
1375 : A Venetian embassy arrives at Constantinople to claim the payment of the debts of the emperor with an ultimatum: payment of the liability and transfer of the island of Ténédos at the entry of the Hellespont, which is accepted by Jean V Paleologist. Reaction of Génois which deposits the emperor and puts on the throne his/her son Andronic IV Paleologist.
1377 : Vain diplomatic negociations between Venice, Genes and Constantinople.
1378 : Begun again war, after a victory of Venice, then one of Genes, 47 galères génoises arrive on August 6th at broad of Chioggia (Guerre of Chioggia) which fall the 16. Instead of attacking, they vainly try to insulate and starve Venice; this respite enables him to consolidate its defenses and to build 40 galères. The following year, Venice besieges Génois in Chioggia.
1379 : The Italian Historien Muraroti describes the use of rocket S during the seat of Chioggia, close to Venice.
1380 : The June 24th, under the command of Vettor Pisani, falls of Chioggia, Venice is saved. Venice demolishes Genoa and ensures its Souveraineté on the the Eastern Mediterranean.
1381 : Genoa is demolished in the war against Venice. On the initiative of Amédée VI of Savoy, all the belligerents take part in the peace treaty of Turin: Venice recovers the fortified towns of the lagoon but loses Dalmatie and Ténédos. It is the Gene decline which falls under the domination from the French for 150 years and a threat will constitute never again.
1382 : Election with the dogat of Michele Morosini, it dies the same year.
1382 -1400 : Dogat of Antonio Veniero, it takes its functions only the January 13rd 1383, being “capitano” in Peak. Except the rebuildings of after- guerre, Venice is only controlled and the work of the doge is to consolidate his position in Europe and to strengthen its commercial empire.

Beginning of the Turkish threat

1389 : The June 28th the Othoman crush Serbia with the Bataille of Kosovo Polje and advance towards the west.
1390 : Sérénissime sends a representative to the Siam.
1395 : Provisional expulsion of the Jews of Venice.
1396 : The king Sigismond Ier of the Holy roman Empire organizes a crusade against the Turks: disaster of Nicopolis where the sultan Bayezid Ier makes decapitate 10.000 French prisoners.
the end of the 14th century sees the confirmation of the installation of Venice on the dry land and its international prestige, while remaining faithful to its maritime vocation (the fleet is made up of 3.300 ships and 36.000 sailors); the economy is almost nationalized (16 000 workmen with the Arsenal). The corporations develop a security system social for their workmen, like the widows and their children, and the State deals with the departments of health public.
1400 -1413 : Dogat of Michele Shorthand writing.
1403 : The République of Venice establishes forty to protect from the Black Death.
1406 : Venice accommodates Padoue within the République, after Vicence and Vérone. Creation of a municipal system of study and a medical system. Venetian, Angelo Correr, is elected pope in Rome on December 19th under the name of Gregoire XII.
1409 : Venice repurchases Dalmatie for 100.000 guilders with Ladislas Ier of Naples, king de Hongrie. This sale is disputed shortly after by new king de Hongrie, Sigismond.
1411 : Failure of the negotiations, the Republic raises an army and neutralizes the Hungarian push.
1413 -1423 : Dogat of Tommaso Mocenigo.
1413: Signature of a peace treaty with the new sultan Mehmed Ier.
1416 : Following the provocations of the duke of Naxos Giacomo Ier, a Turkish fleet attacks Venetian ships, which crush the attackers. A new peace treaty is signed the following year. The Othoman threat is temporarily isolated for Venice.
1418 : Sigismond of Hungary invades the Friuli, putting fine with the truce with Venice. It must however face the Othomans and with religious disorders into Bohemian. By the signature of a new peace treaty, the Republic receives the totality of the Friuli, thus doubling its possessions on the continent, with a new north-eastern border: the Alps.
1423 -1457 : Dogat of Francesco Foscari. Its election marks the end of the “Arengo”, this general meeting of all the adult citizens which, since the beginnings of the Republic, took part in the election of the doge; the political rights of the people are practically reduced to nothing.
1425 : Francesco Bussone da Carmagnola, known as Carmagnola, the most famous condottiere of Italy leaves its Milanese employer Visconti. Arrived at Venice on February 23rd it offers its services and is named commander-in-chief of the army on will terra firma. War with Milan, Carmagnola behaves more as a mediator than as a war leader.
1427 : The war continues and the exit remains undecided until the confrontation with the ducal army ordered by Carlo Malatesta: the Milanese army is destroyed.
1428 : The April 19th, signature of a peace treaty: the territories of Venice extend from now on to the west to the lake from Like.
1431 : Resumption of the hostilities with Genoa, Venice wants to adapt Chios and Cyprus.
1432 : Convened by the Senate the condottiere Carmagnola is stopped, declared guilty of treason and is decapitated.
1437 : By decision of the new Sigismond emperor, the doge is named duke of Trévise, of Feltre, Belluna. of Ceneda, Padoue, Brescia, Bergamo, Casalmaggiore, Soncino and San Giovanni in Croce, as well as castles and fortresses located on the territory of Casement bolt and of Lombardy at the east of the Adda.

1438 : The condottiere Erasmo Da Narni, known as Gattamelata becomes general captain of Venice. Peace of Casement bolt between Venice and Milan. Visit of the emperor of Constantinople Jean VIII Paleologist, of which the empire is threatened by the Othomans.
1439 : The condottiere Francesco Sforza is engaged at the sides of Gattamelata: according to the agreement, it is agreed that if it takes Milan he becomes the legitimate duke about it. The two condottieres inflict serious reverses with the Milanese troops.
1441 : Conquest of Ravenne. Signature of peace with Milan. Gattamelata puts an end to its military career (he dies in 1443).
1450 : Sforza takes Milan the March 25th and is made proclaim duke, in accordance with the agreement of 1439.
1453: The May 29th, taken of Constantinople by the Turks of the sultan Mehmed II, end of the Byzantine empire; the city becomes, under the name of Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
1454 : Signature of a defensive alliance against the French between Venice, Milan and Florence (peace of Lodi), valid a quarter century.
1456 : Jacopo Foscari, wire of the doge, are constrained with the banishment in Peak for the second time, to have tried to flee its exile with the assistance of the sultan.
1457 -1462 : Dogat of Pasqual Malipiero. Beginning of the Rebirth in Venice, with delay compared to the big cities of Tuscan. The city is dazzling, finances are healthy and the Republic is politically stable. Its terrestrial empire goes from the Milanaises borders to the west to the Alps to North. The treaty of friendship concluded with the sultan before the fall from Constantinople is always in force.
1460 - 1526: Life of Vittore Carpaccio.
1462 -1471 : Dogat of Cristoforo Moro.
1463 : The sultan seizes Bosnia and threat the Venetian cities of the Dalmatian coast.
1469 : Agents in Constantinople forward to Venice reports/ratios according to which the sultan wishes to seize the Vénitien empire. Advent of Laurent de Médicis, known as the Splendid one, with Florence.
1470 : The July 12th, the sultan seizes the Vénitienne city of Négrepont and massacres the population.
1471 -1473 : Dogat of Nicolo Trono.
1472 : The captain-general of the fleet, Pietro Mocenigo, with the head of 85 ships, devastates ports Turkish of minor Asia.
1473 -1474 : Dogat of Nicolo Marcello.
1474 : Success of Venice in Albania, whose Turks are obliged to withdraw itself. Died of the condottiere Bartolomeo Colleoni, it bequeaths to the republic 216.000 ducats and more of the double in various land and buildings, in exchange of the erection of an equestrian statue on the Saint-Marc place, which one owes with Andrea del Verrocchio.
1474 -1476 : Dogat of Pietro Mocenigo.
1475 : The sultan proposes peace negotiations, the agreement will be signed on January 24th, 1479.
1476 -1478 : Dogat of Andrea Vendramino.
1477 - 1510: Life of Giorgione.
1478 -1485 : Dogat of Giovanni Mocenigo.
1480 - 1556: Life of Lorenzo Lotto
1481: Died of the sultan Mehmed II, advent of his/her son Bayezid II which confirms the treaty of 1479. The duke of Ferrare Ercole d' Este multiplies the provocations against Venice. A coalition is formed against the Republic, this one dispatches emissary with the king de France Charles VIII, suggesting to him invading Italy and taking advantage of its legitimate rights on Naples and that the duke of Orleans claims his Milanese heritage; those do not take action pursuant.
1483 : The Italian artist Giovanni Bellini becomes the official painter of the République of Venice.
1484 : The duke of Ferrare is constrained to ask for peace, in August a treaty is signed with Bagnolo di Po: Venice takes again Polésine and settles on the coasts of the kingdom of Naples, to take Bari with the Aragon and to complete the conquest of the the Friuli.
1485 -1486 : Dogat of Marco Barbarigo.
1485-1547: Life of Sebastiano Luciani, known as “del Piombo”

1486 -1501 : Dogat of Agostin Barbarigo.
1489 : Official annexation of Cyprus: the queen Caterina Cornaro abdicates and gives the island to Venice.
1490 : The editor Aldo Manuzio (Aldus Manutius) opens his Aldine Imprimerie in Venice.
1490 - 1576: Life of Tiziano Vecellio, known as “Titien”
1492: The October 12th Christophe Colomb reaches the new world. Beginning of the personal reign of Charles VIII in France which asserts the Royaume of Naples.

Wars of Italy

1494 : Beginning of the Wars of Italy (which will last until 1559), Charles VIII invades Italy, it enters Pisa, then Florence and Rome. Luca Pacioli writes the Summa of arithmetica, geometrica, proportions E proportionalita . Michel-Angel in Venice and Bologna.
1495 : Taken of Naples, Charles VIII is officially crowned the May 12th (it carries the imperial coat and the crowns of France, Naples, Jerusalem and Constantinople). March 31st, constitution of the League of Venice (République of Venice, the Duché of Milan, the Papal States, the Saint Germanic Empire Roman, and the Couronne of Aragon) whose forces attack the French Army. Charles VIII brings back to France Italian craftsmen and artists, beginning of the French Renaissance. 1495: Works of Aristote appear in Greek in Venice. Venice prints a quarter of the books published in Europe.
1498 : In France, died of Charles VIII, advent of his cousin Louis XII.
1499 : The February 9th, signature in Blois of a treaty of alliance with Venice and Florence. August 12th, serious defeat of the Venetian fleet to broad of Sapienza, of the pirates Turkish devastate the Dalmatian coast until Istrie; they become more threatening in the Friuli and in Lombardy, and seize Vénitiens ports in the Peloponnese. The September 14th, Louis XII attacks Ludovico Sforza, which flees with Innsbruck and takes officially possession of the duchy of Milan.
towards 1500 - 1509: Construction of the Palazzo Loredan-Vendramin Calergi , by Mauro Codussi.
1500 - 1564: Life of Domenico Campagnola.
1501 : Léonard de Vinci is in Venice. It produces the Carton of the Holy-Anne .
1501 -1521 : Dogat of Leonardo Loredano.
1503 : Peace treaty with the Othomans who preserve their conquests and control all the coast of the Peloponnese. Conflict between Venice and the new pope Jules II (pontificate of 1503 to 1513) in connection with the Romagna.
1504 : Venice restores with the pope part of the litigious territories.
1508 : The army of Maximilien penetrates in the territories of the Republic, but vis-a-vis resistance, it must accept a 3 years truce. Jules II always works for the destruction of the empire of Venice. December 10th, Treated Cambric against the Othomans, of which a provision envisages the creation of the Ligue of Cambric gathering Louis XII, the Maximilien emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon, against Venice.
1509 : Explosion with the Arsenal which destroys part of the city. To March, the pope Jules II adheres to the League Cambric, which opens the hostilities on April 1st. April 15th, the French soldiers penetrate in Venetian territory, the troops of the doge are beaten with Agnadel, the May 14th, by the French. April 27th, new excommunication of Venice. The powers of the Cambric League seize all the territories which they can assert, except for the Friuli which remains faithful to Venice. In July, Venice takes again Padoue and of many villages; November 14th, resumption of Vicence but failure with Vérone, many cities is declared for the Republic. December 29th, Venice capitulates and accepts all the conditions of the pope which are drastic.
1510 : February 24th, after negotiations and agreement, the pope grants the discharge to him. New French offensive in spring. During all these years of conflicts, the explosion of the Rebirth does not stop and Venice becomes one of the intellectual and cultural centers of Italy. The pope made volte face and changes policy: having regulated its accounts with Sérénissime, it pushes Maximilien against France. Venice takes again most of Venezia.
1511 : The French inflict important defeats with the pope and his allies. October 4th, Jules II constitutes the Sainte League against France.
1512 : April 11th, Battle of Ravenne: demolished pontifical troops which leave 10.000 dead and counter-offensive of Jules II, with the reinforcement of 18.000 Swiss soldiers, which recovers its lost territories. Loss of Italy for the French.
1513 : The February 21st, died of Jules II and election with the pontificate of Giovanni de Médicis, under the name of Leon X (until 1521). The March 14th, Venice leaves the Holy League and approaches France, for an alliance of mutual defense.
1515 : The January 25th, sacring with Rheims of François Ier which takes officially the title of duke of Milan and confirms the treaty with Venice. The September 14th, victory of king de France over the Swiss ones, combined of the pope to the Battle of Marignan with the assistance of the Venetian army. It is the last event of importance of the war started by the Cambric League.
1516 : Charles Ier of Spain (future Charles Quint) sign peace with François Ier, this agreement restores in Venice the near total of his territories in Italy of north. After 8 years of war, the Republic finds its political prevalence, but not its economic power. Creation of the ghetto: the Jews are constrained by the senate of living in an island in the north of the city.
1517 - 1592: Life of Jacopo da Ponte, known as “Bassano”.
1518 : A 5 years truce is concluded between the empire and the Republic. Birth in Venice of the painter Italian Jacopo Robusti, known as Tintoret.
1518 - 1594: Life of Jacopo Robusti, known as “it Tintoretto” (Tintoret).
1519 : Died of Maximilien de Habsbourg, advent of Charles Quint, the June 26th.
1520 - 1563: Life of Andrea Meldolla, known as “Schiavone”.
1521 -1523 : Dogat of Antonio Grimani.
1521 : Venice refuses with the ambassadors of Charles Quint, the permission to cross its territories, in the name of its alliance with France. An army made up of papal and imperial troops break on the Lombardy and takes Milan (on November 19th), Lodi, Parma, Pavia and Plaisance.
1523 -1538 : Dogat of Andrea Gritti, it is polyglot and diplomat.
1523 : Signature the July 29th of the Treated of Worms with Charles Quint: Venice preserves its territories at the price of 200.000 ducats payable in 8 years.
1525 : Battle of Pavia, captures of king de France, François Ist
1526: The August 29th, demolished of Hungary to the Battle of Mohács by the troops of Soliman the Magnificent.
1527 : The May 6th, catch and bag of Rome by the troops of Charles Quint.
1527 - 1540: Activity and residence in Venice of the architect Sebastiano Serlio (1475 - 1554).
1527 - 1570: Activity and residence in Venice of the architect Jacopo Sansovino (1486 - 1570).
1528 - 1588: Life of Paolo Caliari, known as “Véronèse”.
1537 : The Othomans threaten the Venetian port of Corfou; after a 3 week old seat, they must be withdrawn. The fleet of Khayr AD-DIN Barberousse seizes ports and islands belonging to Venice (Nauplie, Malvoisie, Skiros, Patmos, Egine, Ios, Paros, Astipalea, etc). Beginning of the construction of the Biblioteca Marciana on the Place Saint-Marc, by Jacopo Sansovino.
1538 -1545 : Dogat of Pietro Lando.
1540 - 1562: Construction of the Palazzo Grimani by Michele Sanmicheli and Giangiacomo Grigi.
1541 - 1614: Life of Domenico Theotocopouli, known as “Greco”.
1544 - 1628: Life of Jacopo Negretti, known as “Palma the Young person”.
1545 -1553 : Dogat of Francesco Donato.
1545 : A fleet of about fifty vessels is run by the storm at sea Adriatique, three boats Venetian lose 100.000 ducats. Council of Thirty to define the attitude of the Roman Church vis-a-vis the Reform. Venice succeeds in not being let involve in the Wars of religion, nor no other conflict.
1550 : Expulsion of the Marrane S of the city.
1553 -1554 : Dogat of Marcantonio Trivisano.
1554 -1556 : Dogat of Francesco Veniero.
1556 -1559 : Dogat of Lorenzo Priuli.
1559 -1567 : Dogat of Giorolamo Priuli.
1559 : The April 5th, second treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis between Henri II of France and Philippe II of Spain: end of the Wars of Italy. Italy is dominated by Spain, except Venice, Genoa and the States of Savoy.
1560 - 1635: Life of Domenico Tintoretto (wire of Tintoret).

End of maritime supremacy

1565 : Soliman attacks the arid island of Malta, held by the knights. Taking into account the distance it is true a armada military and of provisioning which must however raise the seat and re-embark, in October. Naxos, Venetian possession, falls to the hands from the Othomans (just as Chio, possession génoise).
1566 : Beginning of the construction of the Basilica San Giorgio Maggiore by Andrea Palladio. Died of Soliman, advent of Selim II called the Drunkard, it reigns until 1574.
1567 -1570: Dogat of Pietro Loredano.
1568 : The coffees multiply in Venice.
1569 : Explosion with the Arsenal, new fire.
1570 -1577 : Dogat of Alvise Ier Mocenigo.
1570-1596: Life of Caletto Caliari (wire of Véronèse).
1570: An ambassador of the sultan arrives at Venice, carrying an ultimatum claiming the restitution of Cyprus. Preparations of war, the other Christian nations answer with tepidity. A hard forwarding is undertaken. September: unloading of the Othomans in Cyprus, catch of Nicosie. Christian forwarding turns back without to have seen the enemy. Venice loses Cyprus after 18 years of control. The bag of Nicosie gets to the Othomans the richest spoils since the catch of Constantinople, more than one century before.

1571 : May 19th, organization of the Holy League against the Turks, it gathers (Naples, the Sicily, Genoa, Venice, Malta, the the Holy See and the Spain. October 4th, catch of the citadel of Famagouste and massacres Venetian garrison; the Othomans are Masters of Cyprus. The October 7th, Battle of Lépante. the Othoman S of Ali Pasha are demolished by the allied fleet of Venetian, the Spaniards and the papacy directed by Don Juan of Austria. It is the end of the Othoman maritime power in Europe.
1572 : New forwarding of the Christians, the fleet gathers in Corfou, devastated the previous year by the Turkish cavalry, and made veil in the south, but in October it gives up seeking the enemy.
1573 : Given up by its allies, Venice signs the March 7th a treaty with the sultan of the Ottoman Empire by which it is committed paying 100 000 ducats during three years and gives up its claims on Cyprus.
1574 : In July, visit of the king de France Henri III, it is received during one week in a sumptuous way.
1575 : During 3 years, Venice undergoes a terrible cholera epidemic and becomes a phantom city. One counts 51.000 dead on an estimated population of 175.000 inhabitants.
1577 -1578 : Dogat of Sebastiano Veniero.
1577 : The December 20th, serious fire with the Palate of the Doges where many works of art, signed are destroyed in particular Titien, Tintoret, Paul Véronèse. In 8 months the palate is rebuilt with the identical one.
1578 -1585 : Dogat of Nicolò da Ponte.
1582 : Reduction in the capacities of the the Council of the Ten.
1585 -1595 : Dogat of Pasqual Cicogna.
1586 : The bank of Venice, Rialto, is founded.
1589 : In Venice, the Paradise (25 m X 10 m) of the Palate of the Doges is painted by Tintoret.
1592 : Tintoret begins the Cène in San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice.
1595 -1606 : Dogat of Marino Grimani.
1605 : Crisis with the new pope Paul V (pontificate until 1621), theological and territorial quarrel.
1606 -1612 : Dogat of Leonardo Donato.
1606 : Leonardo Dona banishes Republic the Jésuites, the Théatins and the Capucins, which were declared for the pope. This conflict raises the interest of all Europe. The April 17th, new interdict and new excommunication (the fourth) of the city. Henri IV acts as mediator, Venice firmly maintains his position, the pope must yield. The authority of papacy on catholic Europe is strongly shaken. Discharge of the Republic.
1609 : Galileo presents to the Senate of Venice the first Telescope. The demonstration takes place since the Campanile of Saint Marc.
1610 : Introduction of friendly relations with Amsterdam.
1612 -1615 : Dogat of Marcantonio Memo.
1615 -1618 : Dogat of Giovanni Bembo.
1618 : Dogat of Nicolò Donato.
1618-1623: Dogat of Antonio Priuli.
1618: Spanish conspiracy: rumors circulate according to which the ambassador of Spain weaves a plot against the Republic. The plot is quite real and aims at giving the city to the Spanish governor of Milan. A French Balthasar Juven (nephew of the Lesdiguieres marshal) pro-Venetian is fortuitously infiltrated in the conspiracy and denounces it with the authorities. Some 300 accomplices are stopped and liquidated by the Council of the Ten.
1618-1648: War Thirty Year old.
1619 : Foundation of the bank of State of Venice.
1623 -1624 : Dogat of Francesco Contarini.
1624 -1630 : Dogat of Giovanni Ier Cornaro.
1624 : Richelieu which has just reached the capacity in France, removes with the pope the valley of Valteline (north-western border of Venice) with important supports Venetian.
1627 : Election with the Council of the Ten To disavow Zen, a dedicated reformer. He starts by being caught some to the doge Giovanni Cornaro and to his family for minor infringements, but that causes a scandal. The December 30th, Zen is attacked and seriously wounded, the suspicions which transform themselves into certainty go on the son of the doge, Giorgio Corner and two parents; flee in Ferrare, they are condemned to the exile (January 7th 1628).
1628 : Zen, given of its wounds, continues the fight against the corruption and the family of the doge. The July 23rd, the Council of the Ten, less Zen, decides on its arrest. he is condemned to 10 years of exile and share the following day; unpopularity of the Ten. A committee of 5 correctors is named to write a report/ratio on attributions of the Ten and the members and collaborators of the various Councils of the State; to final, one proceeds to some administrative reforms, but the authority of the Ten is confirmed. The exile of Zen is declared illegal, it returns the September 19th.
1630 -1631 : Dogat of Nicolò Contarini.
1630: War of succession of Mantoue, an army made up of Venetian, Mantouans and some French is demolished in Valéggio (May 25th) by the imperial ones which take Mantoue. But Richelieu gains the war 300 km in the west, peace is signed in Cherasco (Traité of Cherasco) in Piedmont by the emperor Ferdinand, on May 6th, 1631. An epidemic of plague in Venice makes 46.500 dead.
1631 : The sculptor and architect Baldassare Longhena begin the construction of the church of Salute in Venice → 1687.
1631 -1645 : Dogat of Francesco Erizzo, peace will reign during 12 years and Venice succeeds in not being implied in the Thirty Year old war which continues.
1637 : Opening of the first room of opera, Teatro San Cassiano, in Venice.
1643 : The pope sends an army to occupy the duchy of Parma obliging Venice to intervene with Tuscany and Modena; less than one year later peace is signed in Ferrare.
1644 : The hospital military sovereign Order of Midsummer's Day of Jerusalem, Rhodos and Malta captures a rich person Turkish galleon taking along of the pilgrims to Mecque. They try to unload in Crete, refusal of the Venetian governor, they regain Malta, giving up the Turkish ship.
1645 : Turkish attack against Crete, unloading of 50.000 soldiers the July 25th. The island is the first colony overseas of Venice since the division of the Byzantine empire. Caned the capitulates the August 22nd. The Vénitienne fleet of help is prevented from unloading by the storms of equinox.
1646 -1655 : Dogat of Francesco Molino; Venice prepares the war actively, but its calls to the help in all Europe remain unanswered.
1647 : Beginning of the seat of the capital Crystallized which will last 22 years, just as the war on sea.
1652 : February 19th, Pietro Ottoboni (future pope Alexandre VIII) is named cardinal.
1655 -1656 : Dogat of Carlo Contarini.
1656 : Dogat of Francesco Cornaro.
1656 -1658 : Dogat of Bertuccio Valiero.
1658 -1659 : Dogat of Giovanni Pesaro.
1659 -1734 : Life of Sebastiano Ricci, artist-painter.
1659-1674: Dogat of Domenico II Contarini.
1660 : France sends 4.000 soldiers and emperor 2.000 using Venice in the conflict for Crete, but it is insufficient and late. Venice and the empire has just signed a treaty of alliance.
1669 : Louis XIV returns 6.000 men and 42 ships which fight under the banner of the pope to dissimulate his double game with its Othoman allies, but the August 21st the French fleet and the allies weigh the anchor for the return. The September 6th, signature of a treaty enters the Venetian military chief Morosini and the top dog Ahmed Köprülü: the Venetian ones are overcome but can leave freely and preserve some islands at the North-West of Crete (September 27th); after 465 years from occupation and 22 of seat, Venice loses the Peak, its last possession out of the Adriatic but also its presence in the Eastern Mediterranean.
1674 -1676 : Dogat of Nicolò Sagredo.
1675 - 1741: Life of Gian Antonio Guardi, painter.
1675: After the Fall of Crystallized, Venice knows 15 years of peace, which it makes profitable to give of the order in its business and to restore its finances. In 1675, it is in full economic rebirth.
1676 -1683 : Dogat of Luigi Contarini.
1678 -1741 : Life of Antonio Vivaldi, violonist and type-setter
1683 -1688: Dogat of Marcantonio Giustinian.
1683-1754: Life of Gian Battista Piazzetta, artist-painter.
1683 : September 12th, Battle of Kahlenberg, during the Second head office of Vienna the Christians demolishes the Othomans who must raise the seat; beginning of the decline of the Turkish pressure in Europe.
1684 : Venice joined the Sainte League formed by the Innocent Pope XI and composed of the Holy roman Empire, the Poland and Malta. In July, Morosini takes the command of a forwarding of 68 combat ships. The August 6th, it takes the island of Leucade, on all fronts the armies of the sultan move back.
1685 : In August, Morosini takes again the citadel of Mining cottage; beginning of the reconquest of the Morée (the Peloponnese) by the coalition, follow Modon, Navarin, Argos, Nauplie, Lépante, Patras and Corinthe; then it starts the seat of Athens (the September 26th 1687 a blow of mortar damages the Parthenon, transformed into ammunition dump).
1688 -1694 : Dogat of Francesco Morosini; to the head of a fleet of 200 buildings, it moves towards Négrepont, but fails because of an epidemic and a mutiny, end of forwarding in 1690.
1689 - 1691: Pontificate of Venetian Pierre Ottoboni, under the name of Alexandre VIII.
1689 -1767 : Life of Gaspare Diziani, artist-painter.
1693 : New forwarding of Morosini against the modest Turks, successes, it dies on January 6th, 1694.
1694 -1700 : Dogat of Silvestro Valiero.

1694 : In September, the supreme commander Antonio Zen takes again the island of Tap-holes.
1695 : February 20th, taken again Tap-holes by the Othomans, after six months of Venetian occupation. Molin, successors of Zen, garner the victories over sea until 1698, which return to Venice the effective control of the Aegean Sea.
1696 - 1770: Life of Giambattista Tiepolo, artist-painter.
1697 - 1768: Life of Giovanni Antonio Canal, known as “Canaletto”, artist-painter.
1699 : In January, signature of the Treated of Karlowitz: retreat of the Othomans on all fronts these last years the constrained one to make peace with the members of the Holy League; Venice recovers Morée and Dalmatie.
1699-1761: Life of Gianantonio Guardi, artist-painter.
1700 -1709 : Dogat of Alvise II Mocenigo.

The Age of Enlightenment and end of the independent and sovereign Republic

1702 -1714 : War of succession of Spain, approached by the two parties, Venice chooses an armed neutrality, but firma will terra it is only one battle field.
1702-1785: Life of Pietro Longhi, artist-painter.
1709 - 1722: Dogat of Giovanni II Cornaro.
1709: Visit king of Denmark Frederic IV.
1711 : Conclusion of a military alliance with the Russia and the Montenegro against a possible Turkish attack.
1712 -1793 : Life of Francesco Guardi, Artist-painter.
1715 : The Othomans take again Morée and the last possessions of Venice in Crete, the war continues until 1718.
1716: The top dog attacks the citadel of Corfou but besieged the Othomans put in rout.
1717 : Venice inflicts successively two important defeats with the Turkish navy: in the Dardanelles and with broad of the course Mapatan (Ténare), which constrained Othomans to ask peace.
1718 : June 21st, Treated of Passarowitz which fixes the borders of the Republic definitively and gives him peace for the major part of the century. The Dalmatie, the Albania and the Herzégovine pass under its control, but it loses the Morée definitively. After the peace of Passarowitz, Venice knows one long period of commercial prosperity and an exceptional economic growth, however it disappears from the international scene. It is the required passage of the turn of Europe which the young aristocrats achieve. It is the time of the great carnival masked, of Canaletto, Guardi, Longhi, Tiepolo, Vivaldi, Galuppi, Albinoni, Marcello.
1721 - 1780: Bernardo Bellotto, artist-painter.
1722 - 1732: Dogat of Sebastiano Mocenigo.
1725 - 1798: Life of Giacomo Casanova.
1727 - 1804: Life of Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, artist-painter.
1732 - 1735: Dogat of Carlo Ruzzini.
1733 - 1738: War of succession of Poland, Venice succeeds in preserving a strict neutrality and not taking party. The city is devoted to the pleasure, and neglects its fleet of war, formerly so powerful. Naval construction is exceeded, the Arsenal does not evolve/move more.
1735 - 1741: Dogat of Alvise Pisani.
1736 : Venice had lost the control the Adriatic, a start occurs under the reign of Alvise Pisani, and during the 30 last years of its existence, it succeeds in doubling its tonnage and knows a considerable growth of the transit trade. Refusal to make sit the nobility of the Terra Firma with the Large-Council.
1739 : Loss of the possessions in the Peloponnese.
1741 - 1752: Dogat of Pietro Grimani.
1748 - 1772: Construction of the Palazzo Grassi , by Giorgio Massari.
1752 - 1762: Dogat of Francesco Loredano.
1755 : The adventurer Casanova is stopped in Venice for sorcery.
1758 : Venetian Carlo della Torre Rezzonico becomes pope under the name of Clément XIII, his pontificate lasts until 1769.
1762 - 1763: Dogat of Marco Foscarini.
1763 - 1778: Dogat of Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo.
1767 : Venice removes 127 monasteries and convents to sell their goods with the profit of the State; the Treasury grows rich by 3 million ducats, the monastic population falls from 5798 to 3270.
1768 - 1786: The commander Angelo Emo delivers an intermittent war to the bey de Tunis to release the Mediterranean of the pirates, based on the coasts of North Africa.
1770 - 1780: The port knows one period of maximum marketing activity.
1774 : With an aim of restoring morality, the Great Council issues the closing of the casino and the prohibition of the games of chance in the city and the provinces.
1779 - 1789: Dogat of Paolo To disavow. It gets busy to stop the decline of the Republic which becomes increasingly difficult to control (competitions of parties). He declares that the only power of Venice rests from now on on prudence
1782: Visit hereditary Large-duke of Russia, the future Tsar Paul Ier, and of the pope Pie VI.
1789 : May 9th, election of the last doge Ludovico Manin, its dogat lasts until 1797.
1792: Venice refuses to join a league Italian princes vis-a-vis the threat jacobine and remains neutral vis-a-vis the French revolution.
1793 : January 21st, with Paris execution of Louis XVI, the Republic maintains its diplomatic relations with France (the French representative is authorized to hoist the republican flag on its palate) and always refuses to league.
1796 : Under the French pressure, Louis XVIII (autoproclamé) in exile with Vérone is requested from to go away. The May 8th, Bonaparte crosses the Po and the 15, make its official entry in Milan: Lombardy is under its control, except for Mantoue. Only Venezia separates it from Austria. Interview between Bonaparte and the Vénitien person in charge of Creamed: it reproaches Venetian for having let the Austrians cross their territory. Venice refuses (with 3 recoveries) a treaty of alliance with France. This suicidal decision revives the antipathy of Bonaparte.
1797 : The February 2nd, falls of last Mantoue posts advanced Autrichien in Italy; 6 weeks later, Bonaparte crosses the Col of Brenner and penetrates in imperial territory. Revolt of Vérone against the French (Easter véronaises) of which 400 are made prisoners; the reaction of Bonaparte is severe: he claims an allowance of 120.000 ducats, the city is systematically stripped of all his works of art, as well as money of the churches and all the horses. The April 18th, armistice of Leoben which envisages in particular the dismantling of the territories of Venice (confirmation by the Traité of Campo-Formio). The April 30th, the French arrive on banks of the lagoon and install guns with range of shooting of the city. The May 9th, ultimatum of Bonaparte that the Great Council discusses the 12, whereas a fortuitous shooting sows panic. The doge proclaims the result of the vote: 512 votes in favor of the resolution, 20 against and 5 abstentions: the Republic of Venice does not exist any more . First occupation of Sérénissime by foreign troops since the beginning of her history; a Arbre of Freedom is drawn up on Piazza, but Bonaparte does not enter the city.

Venice occupied by the foreign powers

1798 : January 18th, the Austrians take officially possession of the city.
1805 : After Austerlitz, Napoleon i recovers the city and incorporates it in its new Italian kingdom.
1815 : The Congrès of Vienna returns Venice in Habsbourg, as well as Venezia and Lombardy.
1846 : Construction of a railway bridge between Venice and the continent by the Austrians.
1851 : First representation in Venice of the opera Rigoletto of Giuseppe Verdi.
1866 : War between Austria and Italy which gains Venice there.

Complements

Sources

John Julius Norwich, History of Venice , Payot, Paris, 1987.
Terisio Pignatti, transl. Remi Simon, the Drawing in the history of art ( It Disegno Da Altamira has Picasso ), Celiv, Paris, 1988.
Rolf Toman (direction), Rebirth Italian - architecture, sculpture, painting, drawing , Martinière, Paris, 1995.

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Chronology of Venice

Foundation with Saint Marc

The patronage of Marc Saint

The Norman ones in Italy

Dogat and Conseil of the Ten

Beginning of the Turkish threat

Wars of Italy

End of maritime supremacy

The Age of Enlightenment and end of the independent and sovereign Republic

Venice occupied by the foreign powers

Complements

Sources

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