Chronology of Marseilles

This article reports the outstanding dates in the history of Marseilles.

Prehistory

  • Between 27000 and 19.000 front J. - C.: Men lived in a cave, now immersed, discovered in the Calanque of Morgiou, with Marseilles in 1991 by the plunger cassidain Henri Cosquer, baptized since its name: the Cave Cosquer.

Antiquity

  • 600 av. J. - C.: Foundation of Massalia (Marseilles) by Greek sailors come from minor Asia, the Phocéen S.
  • fifth century BC: Marseilles is quoted for the first time in a written text.
  • With the turning of fifth century BC and fourth century BC, the massaliote Euthymène leaves the Lacydon to explore the coasts of the Africa (current the Senegal and gulf of Guinea).
  • Towards 390 before J. - C., victory of the Marseillais against Catumandus.
  • Towards 340 before J. - C., the Exploring and Géographe Pythéas accomplishes a voyage in the North Sea of the Europe. reaching the Iceland and the Greenland, and approaching the Polar circle. It establishes the latitude of Marseilles.
  • 49 av. J. - C., Massilia, refusing to choose between César and Pumped in the Civil war which opposes them (while preferring the second), is besieged and taken by the troops of Jules César. It is put at bag, and loses the essence of its Greek population.
  •     303 or 304 ( July 21st ): Saint-Victor, soldier Roman, officer in the legion thebaine entirely made up of Christian, massacred under the reign of the emperors Dioclétien (285 - 305) and Maximien Hercules (285 - 305) in Agaune (today Saint-Maurice, in Swiss), undergoes the Martyr E in Marseilles, during the persecution started in February 303 by the two emperors.
  •     313: After the Edict of Milan, granting freedom of worship to the Christian of the empire, the Christian presence becomes official in Marseilles. The Marseilles bishop Oresius takes part in the Concile of Arles.
  •     381: Proculus becomes bishop of Marseilles.
  • 5th century: Construction of a first Cathedral and a Baptistry.
  •     416: Jean Cassien imports the East the devotion with Saint Victor.

The Middle Ages

  • 476 : Marseilles is taken by the Visigoths of Alaric.
  • 508 : The Ostrogoth Théodoric seizes Marseilles and the Basse Provence.
  • 529 ( July 3rd ): Judgment of the Semi-Pelagianism and the “priests of Marseilles” at the time of the second council of Orange, chaired by Césaire, bishop of Arles.
  • 533 : Council of Marseilles.
  • 536 : Ostrogoths yield to the Francs the sovereignty of Provence and Marseilles.
  • 591 : First epidemic of Plague in Marseilles.
  • 599 : New epidemic of Plague in Marseilles.
  • 650 : Fifty years after the first two epidemics, Marseilles knows a new epidemic of Peste.
  • 736 - 739: Marseilles is taken and plundered by the Francs.
  • 838 : First Raid buckwheat E. A fleet unloaded and plundered the city making of many prisoners. For a long time, it was known as that “the Moor S had done many alive”.
  • 848 : Second invasion of the Sarrasin S, which plunder Marseilles again.
  • 859 : the Viking S of the chief Hasting, which come from Nantes and had wintered in the Camargue, take the city by storm and plunder it.
  • 10th century: The kingdom of Burgundy-Provence drives out Buckwheats and puts an end to the franque domination on Marseilles, from now on related to the destinies of the county of Provence, concerned with the Germanic Roman Empire.
  • 1319 ( September 12th ): Gasbert de Valle is named bishop of Marseilles by the Pape Jean XXII.
  • 1347 - 1350: Marseilles is victim of an epidemic of plague which will kill 16.000 people in the city and will be the starting point of the great plague which will eliminate nearly a third to the French population.
  • 1348 ( January 20th ): The Reine Jeanne is in Marseilles, where the city is favorable for him, and initiates the administrative reunification of the high city, the low city and the provostal city.
  • 1385 : Visit in Marseilles of the queen Marie of Blois-Châtillon, widow of Louis Ier of Anjou-Provence and his/her son Louis II. The rights of Louis II are recognized by the majority of the provençaux lords.
  • 1404 : The Antipape Benoît XIII resides at Saint-Victor.
  • 1423 : Marseilles is put at bag by the Catalan S of Alphonse V of Aragon.
  • 1482 : Massilia and the Provence joins the Royaume of France, following the death of the King Rene, the last count de Provence, which - by will - bequeaths its possessions of Provence to the King de France. The city leaves the Moyen-âge by knowing a strong economic expansion. It is the time when Massilia takes its modern name of Marseilles.

Rebirth with the French revolution

  • 1516 : François Ier, on passage to Marseilles with the return of its victory to Marignan, decides on a new development of the military port and construction of a extremely on an any small island of the roads of Marseilles (current the Château of Yew).
  • 1524 : the city is besieged by the army of the Holy roman Empire Romain
  • Milieu of the 16th century: the city was divided into four districts instead of six (the Sixain S):
    • the Body of city,
    • Midsummer's Day,
    • Cavaillon,
    • Blanquerie
  • 1562: Catherine de Médicis gives up making apply to Marseilles the edict of tolerance, which allows the Protestant to on their premises exert freely their worship, because the city is very hostile with the Protestantisme.
  • at the end of 1564: Charles IX passes in the city at the time of royal sound Tour de France (1564 - 1566), accompanied by the Cour and Large by the kingdom: his/her brother the duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, cardinal of Bourbon and Lorraine.
  • 1580 : A new epidemic of plague strikes Marseilles.
  • 1585 : beginnings of the catholic League. Marseilles remains faithful to the king Henri III, and carries out the accomplices of Wines, chief of Provence of the League.
  • 1591 : Charles de Casaulx proclaims the republic: he exerts a dictatorship, freeing himself from king de France, the League and the duke of Savoy.
  • 1593 : Foundation of the Hospital, new hospital built with the site of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit, which dated from the 12th century.
  • 1596 : Henri IV sends an ultimatum to the first consul of Casaulx. This one is assassinated by Corsica, Pierre de Libertat, and the Marseillais open their doors with the governor of Provence, the duke of Own way, while preventing the Spanish fleet, called for the aid by Casaulx, to enter the port.
  • 1660 : Insurrection of the city against its Governor. Louis XIV in person, with the head of its troops, seizes the city after having made destroy the principal door and practice a breach in the ramparts. In reprisals it makes contruire the strong Saint Nicolas's Day and Midsummer's Day
  • 1665: Louis XIV having decided to constitute a powerful fleet of galères; the Arsenal, which extends on southern bank from the port (current the Quai of Bank-New), knows one period of intense activity, in order to provide to the king the ships necessary to his Mediterranean policy.
  • 1671 : Installation of the first Refinery of Sugar by Gaspard Maurellet. This factory was intended to treat sugar coming from the the Antilles.
  • 1720 - May 14th: Beginning of the Great Black Death in Marseilles.
  • 1773 : Jean-Baptiste Grosson, royal notary and cultivated man, who was interested much in the history of his birthplace, and published 1770 with 1791 the historical Almanach of Marseilles , makes appear a work entitled “ Recueil of antiquities and Marseilles monuments which can interest the history and arts ”, which referred a long time for the history of the monuments of the town of Marseilles.
  • 1780 - May 19th: An incident without gravity occurs in the master key of entry of the Old man-Port, but it will be at the origin of most famous the Galéjade (tall story): the frigate “Sartine” (name of the Minister for the Navy of Louis XVI of 1774 with 1780) comes to run aground it, paralyzing the entry and the exit of the port. A simple deformation of the name, and the fact that the blazon of Mister de Sartine, count d' Alby (1729 - 1801), is “of gold to the band of azure, charged with three money sardines”, are enough to create the legend: a sardine stopped the wearing of Marseilles!
  • 1784 - May 14th: On the insistence of Fayette, the French Minister for Finances, Calonne, publishes a making decree of the ports of Bayonne, Marseilles , Dunkirk and Lorient of the free ports for the trade free - American.

Revolutionary period and Empire

  • 1788 - December 29th: Marseilles claims the increase in the number of the elected officials of the Tiers state and votes it per capita with the General states.
  • 1789 - April 30th: Riot with Marseilles, where crowd seizes three forts and kills one their commanders, the Chevalier of Beausset, major of the Fort St-Jean.
  • January at February 1794: Marseilles is renamed " The city without nom" following the federalistic riot against Convention.
  • 1799 : Opening of the public library in the old convent of the Bernardines and its librarian was Claude-François Achard

Modern time (XIXe century)

  • 1842 : Completion of the channel of Arles to Port-de-Bouc, begun in 1802.
  • 1849 : Completion of the railway towards Avignon.
  • 1854 : Construction of the basins of the Joliette and the Lazaret.
  • 1859 : Construction of the basin of the Harbor station.
  • 1863 : Construction of the national basin.
  • March 22nd 1871: Vis-a-vis the disastrous situation of the country, an insurrectionary movement bursts in Marseilles, with its head the radical Gaston Crémieux, trying in vain to proclaim the République and to found a Common revolutionist. But the movement lasts only 15 days and Crémieux is stopped and submitted in front of a council of war. He will be shot on November 30th, 1871.
  • 1881 : Marseilles Vespers
  • 1884: of June to November Epidemic of Cholera in Marseilles.
  • 1893 : Construction of the basin of the Pine forest.
  • March 1st 1896: the first projection of films of the Brothers Light.

Contemporary time

  • 1906 : First colonial Exposure which occupied 7 months during the Parc Chanot.
  • 14 with the September 16th 1909: drive out with the tiger in Marseilles. This tiger-cat which was to leave for Algiers was escaped from the circus “Alexandre”. It was cut down on the pier of the port then its body was empaillé and a long time visible with the museum of the Palais Longchamp.

Between-two-war

Second world war

Post-war period

  • 1991 : discovered Cave Cosquer.
  • May 26th 1993: The Olympique of Marseilles gains the final of the league of the Champions vis-a-vis the Milan AC (1-0) with the Olympic stadium of Munich. A goal of the head of Basile Boli allows the victory of the OM with 44 mn.
  • June 19th 1999: At the time of the festivals of the 26e centenary of the foundation of Marseilles, a spectacle telling the history of the city, the “ Massalia ”, gathers hundreds of thousands of spectators between the Palais Longchamp and the Cathédrale of the Major.
  • June 23rd 2001: Official unveiling of the Park of the 26 {{E}} Centenary, which extends on 10 hectares in full heart from Marseilles, on the site of the old station of Prado.

See too

Related articles

  • List of the mayors of Marseilles
  • List of the bishops of Marseilles

External documentation

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