Christmas-Gabriel-Luce Villar

Christmas-Gabriel-Luce Villar , born the December 13rd 1748 with Toulouse and dead the August 26th 1826 with Paris, is a man of the church and politician French.

Biography

Origin

It was wire of a surgeon of Toulouse; he studied with the Collège of Esquille, directed by the Prêtres of the Christian doctrines, affiliated himself with their congregation and after having professed rhetoric with distinction in Toulouse, then with the Collège of the Arrow, he became, in 1786, vice-chancellor of this establishment, where he replaced the Père Corbin, named under-tutor of the Dolphin, wire of Louis XVI.

Constitutional bishop of Mayenne

Villar adopted the principles of the French revolution, but the timidity of its character preserved it of any excess, like great dangers.

In March 1791, the voters of the department of the Mayenne, disappointed by the resignation of Mr. Thoumin of Vauxponts, chose it for constitutional bishop. It had lent oath to the civil constitution of the clergy; it thus accepted without loathing the deputies Frin-Cormeré and Tellot wire, which came to announce its election to him, and as of the 21 at the evening, it arrived with them at Laval. It is ordered with Our-Lady-of-Paris the May 22nd according to, by Jean-Baptiste Gobel, and arrived at Laval the 30, to be established the following day. Michel Faur printed the Détail from what occurred at the time of the arrival and the installation of Mr. Villar, bishop of the department of Mayenne, written by order of the Directory of the Department

The evening even, Villar is acclaimed member of the club, was elected president a few days more tars, and corresponded by it in this quality with the similar companies, especially with the Jacobins of Paris. It composed its episcopal council of former doctrinary colleagues; put Guilbert at the head of its seminar, addressed to the priests, via the mayors, a pastoral letter, dated from the July 4th 1791, that one lute almost nowhere, and who was worth to him of Chatizel and an anonymity of virulent responses. The noise was spread that, disgusted by the scandalous control of its clergy, if difficult to recruit, ashamed of a situation which dedicated it to the contempt of the most honest citizens, dissatisfied with housing that one had offered to him, he thought of withdrawing himself. He protested against the intentions and the projects of desertion that one lent to him.

He signed the January 15th 1792 the address with the king against the insermentés priests, saw them without protest interning then to imprison; lent its contest and its word to all the civil ceremonies; accepted the compliments and the honors whose the revolutionists filled it, the presidency of the electoral assemblies and the general advice of the department. The June 7th 1792, it still chaired the procession of the Corpus Christi, but the people were diverted of him, hooted it, cursed it.

Also when the electoral assembly that it chaired Our-Lady-of-Mayenne, on September 2nd, 1792, named it, him seventh, appointed of Mayenne to the Convention, it left with Laval eagerness, where it had promised to live and die in the middle of its soft herd .

Convention

During the fight of the Mountain dwellers and the Of Gironde ones, and under the dictatorship of Robespierre, Villar did not appear with the platform. There not being able to exempt itself to express its vote in the lawsuit of Louis XVI, it declared the prince guilty, rejected with all its delegation the call to the people, admitted the deferment and pronounced detention and the banishment with peace. Lastly, as long as terror lasted, he only thought of being made forget. After the fall of Robespierre, it was characterized especially by its zeal for the re-establishment from the state education, and finally dared to decide against the Terrorists.

The state education

He was elected one of the secretaries of the assembly; during the renewal of the office, the July 4th 1795. A few days after (the 13), rapporteur of the committee of state education, it asked for the provisional conservation of the Collège de France; and this provisional saved the establishment that in his report/ratio he proclaimed the first school of the universe. The September 4th according to, it was not made less honor by proposing, in the name of the same committee, to grant a pension to a hundred and eighteen scientists, men of letters, artists, or with their widows and descendants. The political impartiality most severe had governed the drafting of this many list, in which were included/understood two small nieces of Fénelon. This law of national munificence all the more satisfied the public opinion, that the reign of terror had been for the men of letters one time of proscription and indigence. The October 17th according to, Villar, body of the same committee, made issue the organization of the national library.

About the same time, it rendered important services to the Académie of Turin, which made place its portrait in the place of its meetings. The name of this scientist is attached to all the plans which were successively carried out, either for the organization of the Institut of France, or for the re-establishment of the state education.

The voters of Mayenne did not return it to the legislative Assemblée, but it was recalled there by the Parliament, which was supplemented itself the November 25th 1795. It was always for the same objects that it appeared with the platform or that it sat in the committees of the Conseil of the Five hundred for the department of the Haute-Garonne, where he had been called after the dissolution of national convention. The department of the Haute-Garonne returned it in 1799 to the legislative Body. It remained there until in 1806, with the title of secretary.

Resignation of the post of bishop of Mayenne

Since its election with Convention, the éplorées complaints of its flocks, reiterated supplications of its clergy could not obtain from him the least signs of life . One however granted to him 300 pounds of allowance for furniture that the Vendean ones had taken to him. As of the year 1797, it had refused to take share with the national Concile which opened in Paris under the presidency of the constitutional bishop Claude Coz.

To January 1799, the Minister for the police force announces to the department of Mayenne the project of a meeting of the sworn in clergy, which was to take place to proceed to the election of a successor of the outgoing bishop since the November 24th 1798. The police chief answers on January 7th that he is unaware of from where is the business and that he thinks not to prevent the meeting if it is done without disorder. One knows that the election of the successor is said by the voluntary deposit of their bulletin in a trunk, by the few voters who suivaint the party of the constitutional ones.

Its fellow-members, the bishops of the republic had thus replaced Villar, in 1799, by the abbot Charles-François Dorlodot.

Institute of France, French Academy

During the creation of the Institute, the December 10th 1795, it was named member of the class of literature and fine art, that Napoleon modified later under the title of second class of the Institute, or classifies language and literature Frenchwomen, become again today the French Academy, of which he is member in 1803.

Secretary of its class during the years 1801 and it made in this quality six Notices of work of literature and fine art of the National institute, during years 9 and 10 . By decree of February 1805, it was named Member of the Commission of the Dictionnaire of the French language with André Morellet, Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard, Antoine-Vincent Arnault and Jean Baptiste Antoine Suard.

As soon as the state education was organized, in 1800, it split to him important services in the capacity as general inspector of the studies, places of which it exerted the functions until in 1815, and preserved the title until its death. II had been named member of the Légion of honor as of creation, then officer in 1807. At the time of the Legal settlement, it subjected to the new order things which stripped it of the constitutional episcopate. Villar, without taking again under the empire the functions nor the ecclesiastical costume, remained always attached like private individual to the beliefs and the religious practices. He also believed to have with Suitabilities of his state not to cover the costume of the Institute.

He was maintained by the Restauration, member of the French Academy, restored by the law of the March 21st 1816. For a long time, weakened by the age, it did not take any share with work of the Academy, when it died suddenly, struck Apoplexie, the August 26th 1826. Its funerals took place with Saint-Thomas-in Aquin. Louis Simon Auger made on his coffin a speech which was not printed. Villar had as a successor Charles-Marie de Féletz.

Publications

In addition to the Reports/ratios and the Notes mentioned in this article, one has of him:

the faithful Shepherd , idylle adresséee with Mgr of Trolley, bishop of Tarbes;
Ode on the re-establishment of the Parliaments , crowned by the Academy of the Floral Plays, 1776;
Ode on the Eastern Despotism , 1778;
of the pastoral Letters , in strong small number;
of the Poetries inserted in some collections.

One finds in the Mémoires of the National institute :

Some Fragments of XVIe song of Iliade, translated into French worms , 8 nivôse year V;
Note on the life and the works of Jean-Baptiste Louvet , 15 vendémiaire year VI;
Note on work nonprinted and published separately ;
Note on the life and work of Etienne-Louis Swell, architect , 15 messidor year VII;
Note on the life and the works of Jean Dusaulx , 15 nivôse year VIII;
the Despair of Achilles after the death of Patrocle, translated into French worms , which was published in the philosophical Décade ;
Note strimestrielles for year IX and year X .

Villar gave also various articles of newspapers.

Family

The Villar abbot had a brother, lawyer distinguished from the bar of Toulouse. The biographer of Chéronnée had made it call Villar-Plutarque . He embraced the principles of the French revolution with moderation, and was sent to Mainz the April 10th 1792, in the capacity as person in charge of France. In October 1794, it was called with the functions of Minister for the republic at the State of Genoa, where it replaced Naillac, marked to have delivered Toulon to the English. It was replaced itself, in April 1796, by Guillaume-Charles Faipoult. Of return to Paris, he renonça with all public office and died little of years afterwards.

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