Christian Theology

The Christian theology wants “to return Raison of the Christian Foi”. Theology indicates the speech believing on God, the Bible, the Religion and the Église, and in particular on the Doctrine S Christian women. One can also speak about theology about such or such great figure (johannic theology, theology paulinienne, theology of Augustin or Augustinisme). One also speaks about Théologie calvinist or Théologie Lutheran.

The religious authorities organize the teaching of theology like university discipline. However, taking into consideration criterion of the Science, only certain branches can be regarded as scientific disciplines. In the orthodoxe Church, theology is not regarded a speculative and deductive discipline but as the experimental knowledge of God who appears with his creation. The title of “theologist” is allotted besides only to three saints only: saint Jean the evangelist, holy Gregoire de Nazianze and holy Syméon the New Theologist.

History of Christian theology

The age of the Fathers of the Churches

See also: Father of the Church

Very early after the birth of Christianity, of the Christians, of which some are known catholics and the orthodoxe ones under the generic name of Pères of the Church write works to defend their faith (apologetic) and to explain the contents of it. The Fathers of the Churches, many as well in the Greek medium as Roman, write many works which will constitute the base of the later development of theology. Among the great figures of this time, one will quote Clément of Alexandria, Ambroise of Milan, Augustin d' Hippone, Tertullien. It is one time when the Dogme S are fixed little by little, which leads to various quarrels of doctrines.

The Latin Middle Ages and the scholastic

See also: Scholastic

With the the Middle Ages, theology was an essential discipline within the incipient Université S. The scholastic gave place to the publication of many writings and new to doctrinal discussions. Thomas d' Aquin is undoubtedly the principal theologist of the time scholastic, but of the figures like Albert Large the or Bonaventure de Bagnorea marked the history of theology.

Modern theology

Theology made new great strides with the Réforme and the Counter-Reformation. Theologists reforming, which will give their names to confessions which still exist, develop new theological matter ideas. This wave of Reform engages the catholic has to react and to reaffirm its Dogme S.

Contemporary theology

Contemporary theology takes different directions again. Theology is increasingly sensitive to the oecumenical effort . New currents develop, most known being that of the Théologie of the release.

Branches of theology

Christian theology includes/understands many branches, until Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher, it comprises 4 disciplines:

  1. Bible,
  2. history of the Church,
  3. dogmatic,
  4. Théologie practices.

“ the religion, to enter in quite clean possession of sound, gives up any claim on all that belongs to metaphysics and the Morale, and restores all that one to him incorporated of force. She does not seek to determine and to explain the universe according to its nature with him like makes the Métaphysique; she does not seek to improve it and to complete it by the development of freedom and divine the free will of the man like makes morals. In its gasoline, she neither is thought nor action, but intuitive contemplation and feeling. She wants to contemplate the Universe intuitively; she piously wants the épier in her demonstrations and the acts which are clean for him; she wants to leave herself, in a passivity of child, to seize and invade by her direct influences ” ( Discours , 150).

After Schleiermacher, the disciplines are directed in the following way:

  • philosophical theology,
    • apologetic ( gasoline of the Christianisme , which turns into to Christianity a mode to believe specific, the form that the Christian community takes)
    • polemic (examination of internal pathologies)

“ It does not have there true knowledge of Christianity if one is satisfied simply with a design Empirique, instead of seizing its gasoline as well in what opposes to the other modes to believe and the other Churches, that gasoline of piety and the religious communities in their relationship with the other activities of the human spirit. The fact that the gasoline of Christianity is attached to a history makes only specify the mode of comprehension, but any damage for the task itself does not present. ”

  • historical theology, i.e.:

    • the biblical Interpretation ,
    • the history of the Church, which is not an autonomous discipline but a historical discipline,
    • analysis of contemporary Christianity,

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