Chloroquine
The chloroquine is a Antipaludique of the family of amino-4-quinolines. It is with the Quinine the treatment which was employed the most into preventive as in curative against the paludism
Discovered in 1940, it is the first anti-malarious one of synthesis, marketed in the form of chloroquine sulfate. In France it was marketing in 1949 under the name of Nivaquine.
As of 1960 the first chloroquirésistances in South America and Southeast Asia appear. Since, charts are regularly updated, with in zone I the absence of chloroquirésistance, in zone II presence of chloroquirésistance and zone III multirésistance.
It is always prescribed into preventive in the countries of group I and is only associated with Paludrine in the countries of group II, at a rate of:
- 100 mg/j (Adult)
- 1,7 mg/kg/j (Child)
In curative, for the paludous accesses to Plasmodium falciparum one prefers Atovaquone association + Proguanil (Malarone®) or the Quinine to him.
For the infections with species plasmodiales known as " mineures" ( Plasmodium vivax, oval Plasmodium, Plasmodium malariae ) and in the rare cases of simple access to chloroquino-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum , it is used in first intention with the amount of 10 mg/kg the first two days, then 5 mg/kg/j the third and last day.
It is also prescribed in the Polyarthrite rhumatoïde or the Lupus
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