Chlorobenzene

The chlorobenzene is a Composé aromatic organics monocyclic, of Chemical formula C6H5Cl, consitué of a benzene core substituted by a Atome of Chlore.

Characteristics

This Toxic Liquid colorless, flammable and , is almost insoluble in water, but soluble in the organic material .

Its Température of vaporization is of 132°C, but it forms with water 28,4% a Azéotrope which boils with 90°C.

History

It was prepared for the first time in 1851 by reaction of the phenol and the Pentachlorure of phosphorus. it has in particular at the beginning of the 20th century and the First World War been used for factory the mélinite (Picric acid), very powerful explosive, more used at the time.

As of 1960, its production declined with the the United States, the profit of the Cumène (used to synthesize phenol) and following the progressive abandonment of the DDT.

Mode of production

It is produced by catalyzed chlorination of the benzene (catalyst = chloride ferric, stannic or aluminous), which gives a mixture of chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and other chemical bodies close, which are then separated by distillation then crystallization. The chlorobenzene marketed with the Canada contained with the beginning of the year 2000 approximately 1% of impurities which are especially Dichlorobenzène and moindrement of the Benzène

Uses

Chlorobenzene is or was used as intermediary of synthesis in Chemistry, of which to manufacture Pesticide S, in particular DDT obtained by reaction with trichloroacétaldéhyde… and weeding or fungicidal (moth-killer in particular) (the DDT is prohibited or strongly regulated today)
Il was very much used to produce the phenol, aniline and like Solvant (cleaning of greases).
Dans the reactions of substitution électrophile, it is a directing ortho-para decontaminating.

Producers

The ESIS, in 2005 quoted for Europe: Bayer, BASF (Germany), Monsanto (Belgium), Zeneca (the United Kingdom). The French site of the Arkema factory, in Jarrie closed in 2002.

Safety

It is a toxic substance to be handled with precautions.
Sa limit of professional exposure is fixed in France at 10 ppm, that is to say 46 mg/m ³ of air.

Sentences of risk and councils of prudence

It is classified:

  • toxic substance (Xn, R20, i.e. harmful by inhalation)),
  • harmful for the environment (NR; R51/53).
  • flammable (R10) 1.
  • toxic for the watery organizations (R: 51/53; it " can involve harmful effects in the long run for the environment aquatique"). In France, the monthly limiting content of the rejections is of 4 Mg. Pa rlitre (if the rejection exceeds 10 G per day). The French standard " quality of the eaux" for chlorobenzene is 32 μg.L-1
Precautions to take
  • S: 2 (To preserve out of the range of the children)
  • S: 24/25 (To avoid the contact with the skin and the eyes)
  • S: 61 (To avoid the rejection in the environment. To consult the instructions spéciales/la card of data of safety)
Its utilisaton is regulated in France and in many countries.

Toxicology, ecotoxicology

See too

Internal bonds

  • Organochlorinated Chlorine

External bonds

  • international Card of safety
  • Card of safety INRS

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