Chloral

Chemical properties

Names: Chloral, trichloracétaldéhyde or trichloroéthanal.
semi-developed Formula: to see molar figure 1.
Mass = 147,39 g/mol

Not to confuse chloral and Chloroform CHCl₃.

Preparation

Chloral is obtained by the reaction of the Dichlore on the ethanol according to the following chemical reaction: $4 Cl_2 + H_3C-CH_2-OH \ longrightarrow Cl_3-C-CHO + 5 HCl$

The name chloral car its origin of the first syllables of the words Chlorine and alcohol, which is the substances used for its preparation.

Physical properties

It is a liquid of oily and heavy appearance.

Density = 1,91 g/cm³ (1,541 g/cm³ with 0 °C)
Melting point = - 57 °C
Boiling point = 97 °C

Chloral is soluble in the ethanol and the éthoxyéthane (ethyl ether).

Derived

The chloral hydrate is used into therapeutic since many years like sedative, hypnotic or analgesic. In pharmacy, posology is from 50 to 75 mg/kg of body mass in only one amount. To manufacture it, it is enough to add water to chloral and it will react to give chloral hydrate. Reaction: Cl3C-CH=O + H20 will ragira to give of Cl3C2 (H2O)

Health risks

Its odor is prickly and has an effect irritating for the eyes, being able to cause a conjunctivitis.
Neurotoxic for the centers bulbo-protubéranciels in the brain.
Seulement 10 G of chloral can kill an human being.
chloral attacks the brain by causing the hébétude, confusion, then muscular convulsions resembling the Chorée S.
chloral causes lethargies or insomnia.
chloral causes also terrible headaches.
It is harmful for the urogenital bodies and the skin.
chloral has mutagen and carcinogenic effects in the animal.
Gastrite irritating being able to involve vomiting

Chemical derivative: hydrate chloral

the Hydrate of chloral is known under the denomination 2,2,2-trichloroéthan-1,1-diol, trichloracétaldéhyde monohydrate. It is about a mixture of the two molecules (figure 2).

Pharmacological properties of the chloral hydrate

Sedative Psycholeptique
Hypnogène
Analgesic
Anticonvulsif

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