Chiyou

Chiyou 蚩尤 (p.y.: Chī Yóu; Hmong: Txiv Yawg; Hangul: 치우) is a mythical character of Chinese antiquity, chief of Jiuli and frightening adversary of Huangdi and Yandi. It was also until the beginning of the Han a god of the war. Some make of it a descendant of Shennong.

Chiyou is asserted like ancestor by several ethnos groups not Hans, in particular the Hmongs (Miaos) at which there exist several legends relating to it. Besides the name Chiyou seems to come from the hmong Txiv Yawg meaning “father-large-father” or “sovereign”. From the beginning of the 20th century, it was promoted in certain nationalist circles Korean ethnic heroes, with a anti-Chinese connotation. Red Devil, club of supporters of the South Korean national team of Football adopted it like mascot under the name of Chiu-Cheonhwang.

Adversary of Huangdi and Yandi

The Shiji and the Shanhaijing mention a battle of Chiyou against Huangdi, or Huangdi and Yandi, chiefs of Huaxia, regarded by Hans as their ancestors. The Shiji , Chinese historical work, presents Chiyou like a vassal rebel and locates the battle at Zhuolu. According to the Shanhaijing , collection of myths of the Kingdoms combatants, Chiyou called upon the god of the Fengbo wind and shamans to cause a storm, that Huandi countered with the assistance of Ba, goddess of the dryness which lay until there in the sky. It there never went up and since then causes the stop of the rains everywhere where it passes. When it had taken again the top, the yellow Emperor sent Yinglong to give the blow of thanks to Chiyou. In the later versions of the legend, like the Yunjiqiqian of the Song, Chiyou creates a thick fog through which Huangdi guides its army thanks to the tank which shows the south, invented by itself, an adviser, or the obscure Femme of the nine skies . The latter is the assistant of Xiwangmu, which according to the Yongcheng jixianlu , collection of lives of immortal composed under the Tang, appears during the battle with a body of bird and vêtue of a skin of fox to give to Huangdi the talisman of the Five peaks which will give him the victory.

The battle of Zhuolu is often reported in a way developed in collections of reading with the use of the school ones, with a certain variety in the details according to the author, because of the divergences and of the brevity of the source texts.

According to another version, Jiuli (nine Li), people of Chiyou, having changed its name into Sanmiao, was definitively demolishes by Yu Large the. It is also said that Zhuanxu, descendant of Huangdi, put an end to the religious practices of Sanmiao to impose those of its people to them.

According to a version hmong, after the death of Chiyou, his/her oldest son left towards the south to found the people Miao, the second took the direction of north, and the junior remained in Zhuolu with Huaxia.

Nothing still could confirm that the old prefecture of Zhuolu located at the Hebei at the border of the Liaoning is well the site of the antique battles. The place nevertheless became since annés the 90 a tourist site on the topic of the three heroes Huangdi, Yandi and Chiyou, which have there each one its statue and of the natural sites bearing their name.

God of the war

It seems that Chiyou, because of its military reputation, became a god of the war in Hans also. It is claimed indeed that it was so frightening that after its death Huangdi made place its effigy to everywhere hold in respect the population. It was still honoured at the end with IIIe front century J.C., since Han Gaozu returned a worship to him before a battle against Xiang Yu; it then seems to disappear from the the Chinese Pantheon. One lends in particular the invention to him of the bronze and iron weapons, which certain historians interpret like the fact that Jiuli were more advanced than Huaxia in the field of the metallurgy. One to him allotted 81 or 72 brothers, six arms, four eyes, metal a head of bovine form, shoes; it nourished stones.

In Korea, Gye Yeonsoo published in of 1911 Hwandan Gogi , a discussed historical work which makes of Chi You the 14th emperor of the empire of Baedal under the name of Jaoji-Hwanoong. It located its tomb at the Shandong and claimed that each year in July, a red flag, symbol of its army, appeared there mysteriously. The admiral Yi Sun-sin would have returned a worship to him.

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