Cherry tree

The term cherry tree indicates several Espèce S of fruit trees and with the Japan, of the decorative trees, only planted for their flowers. Like many species producing of the Fruit S with core X, the cherry trees belong to the kind Prunus (family of the Rosaceae ). They are cultivated for their fruits, the Cerise S, or their flowers, since highest Antiquité in Europe, with the the Middle East and in Asia.

Origin

The classification of the various species of cherry trees and their botanical origin is discussed an enough subject. It seems allowed nowadays that two botanical species (not interfécondables) are at the origin of the majority of the species and cultivated varieties:

  • Prunus avium (L.) L., the cherry tree of the birds or Wild cherry tree, or wild cherry tree, or wild guignier, at the origin of the varieties of soft cherries. It grows in a wild state in France, in Europe, with the the Middle East and in the area of the the Caucasus. Its fruits definitely smaller than of normal cherries, are used in the east of France to prepare liquor known under the name of Kirsch.

  • Prunus cerasus L., the acid cherry tree or griottier, or sour cherry tree, at the origin of varieties of the acid or sour cherries. It would originate in the Asia Mineure and it would be this species which Lucullus after its victory against Mithridate reported to Rome Cérasonte, in the west of Trébizonde, on banks of the Euxine Sea, which perhaps gave its name to the Cerise where it pushed there in abundance.

Properties

The cherry tails, prepared in Decoction, have medicinal properties.

Other species of cherry trees

  • Prunus mahaleb L., Cherry tree of holy Lucie or wood of holy Lucie, used like understock for the varieties of soft cherry tree.
  • Prunus virginiana L., Cherry tree of Virginia, decorative species.
  • Prunus serrulata Lindl., Cherry tree of Japan, decorative species.
  • Prunus prostrata Labill, prostrate Cherry tree.
  • Prunus serotina Ehrh., late Cherry tree or black cherry tree, decorative species.
  • Prunus padus L., Cherry tree with bunches or Putiet cherry tree, or wild cherry tree with bunches, or wood-puant.

Cultivated varieties

Cherry trees with fruits

Prunus avium

  • Wild cherry tree S
  • Bigarreaus: They produce large fruits sweetened with the firm flesh.
    • Burlat
    • Heart of pigeon or large Cœurlet
    • Esperen
    • Summit
    • Napoleon (variety with white flesh)
    • Rainier (variety with white flesh)
    • Van
    • Stark Hardy Giant
    • Reverchon
    • Hedelfingen
  • Guigniers
    • Guigne of May or early of the Black Market
    • with large fruits
    • Black of Early Montreux
    • of Red Rivers
    • of the Vosges

Prunus cerasus

  • Griottiers truths
    • Cherry tree of Montmorency
    • Cherry tree of Montmorency with long tail
    • Griottier of North
  • Griottiers with soft fruit or true cherry tree
    • English hasty or May Duke or Royal hasty
    • Beautiful splendid or Beautiful of Spa or Beautiful of Seals, late variety
    • common Morello cherry
    • Royal Queen-Hortense
Production of Prunus cerasus in the world

Decorative cherry trees

  • Cherry trees with flowers of Japan
    • Prunus serrulata , large tree from 20 to 25 m in height, very decorative in April by its double flowers pink or white:
      • “Alba-plena”
      • “Fugenzo”
“Kanzan” “Royal Burgundy” (foliage crimson) “Amanogawa” (fastigié port)
      • “Kiku-shidare-zakura” (with whining port)
    • Prunus subhirtella , small 10 height m tree,

Culture

  • Sowing of wild cherry tree and cherry tree Holy Lucie to obtain Understock S
  • Grafting (preferably towards mid-September) on wild cherry tree for the varieties with large vegetation, guignes and bigarreaus, and on Holy Lucie for the morello cherries and cherries.
  • forms: full wind or palmettes with the devil
  • size: not or little, just to eliminate the deadwood

Enemies of the cherry trees

Diseases

  • bacterial Deterioration in Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas syringae ,
  • Moniliose, Monilia laxa ,
  • Anthracnose or Cylindrosporiose,
  • Cribure of the sheets, Coryneum beijerenckii ,
  • Tavelure of the fruits,

Ravageurs

  • Fly of the cherry, Rhagoletis cerasi ,
  • black Plant louse of the cherry tree, Myzus cerasi ,
  • Plant louse of the wild cherry tree with bunches, Rhopalosiphum padi ,
  • Tinea of the flowers of cherry tree, Argyresthia pruniella ,
  • Cécidomyie of the cherry tree, Contariania virginianae ,

with the Japan

In Japan, the cherry tree is especially planted for its decorative qualities. Its name is Sakura (becomes will zakura after another word). Its flowering is awaited in many areas of Japan - to assist to with it. The cherry trees of the doctor Nagai Takashi are famous with Nagasaki.

See too

Wild cherry tree | Prunus | Fruit tree | Cherry | Rosacée S

External bonds

  • Site of exchange of grafts of old cherry trees and collection
  • the clerk's office of the cherry tree
  • Pollination and choice of the varieties and Understock S of cherry tree on the Gerbeaud site or the site of the ministry for Swiss agriculture

Random links:Politically correct | Saint-Sorlin-in Arves | Papercraft | Cartelle | Wilhelm Kimmich | Personnes_de_Lakota