Cherry

The cherry is the edible Fruit Cerisier. They is most popular of small the red Fruits.

Description

The cherry is a fleshy small fruit with core, of spherical form, generally red color more or less dark, more rarely yellow. The stalk is long (cherry tail). On the plan Botanique it is a Drupe.

History and etymology

The European populations knew and consumed since at least the thousand-year-old IVe front J. - C., a variety of indigenous cherry, that of the wild Merisier. Selection allowing little by little to select those with the largest fruits and most sweetened, earliest or most succulent.

The large Roman gastronome Lucullus is the first to have spoken about it. According to the legend it would have brought back the “ red pearl ” to Rome with the return of its countryside against the king of the Bridge Mithridate VI (towards 70 front J. - C.). Considering that certain varieties of modern cherry are originating in minor Asia, that can be probable. In addition, the Italian name of cherry, ciliegia points out indeed the name of the area of Cilicie, in minor Asia. However the cherry tree was already known Greek S which named it kerasion, according to the city now called Giresun or Cerasonte.

In Turkish one indicates cherry by the word " kiraz " who comes from the ancient name of the city " kerasous" . In French cherry , in English cherry , Spanish cereza also come from this ancient name of the city.

Jules Verne, in a work little known " Kéraban-le-Têtu" , makes become its heroes along the Black Sea in direction of Istanbul, they cross a named city Kérésoum where “ the cherry tree abounds ”. It mentions that the wood of these trees is also used to make Pipe S.

In France, it was cultivated for the trade as of the Early middle ages, its fruits delicate and sweetened were appreciated, but also its wood, with texture and the delicate smoothness. However it is with Louis XV, which liked much this fruit, that one owes the optimization and the intensive culture of the modern cherry tree.

Varieties

There exists many variety S of cherries divided into two categories, the soft ones and the acids. More than two hundred varieties of cherries are sold on the markets in Europe, for which it is necessary to add as many very local varieties, Génétique lies differentiated during time, according to the acidity of the grounds and of the various tests of graft S.
  • Among the soft ones, (cherries themselves) one finds the Bigarreaux which are firm and sweetened soft fruits, with an infinity of varieties ( Burlat , Napoleon , cherry of Céret , Noire of Méched , Guillaume , Reverchon , summit , hedelfingen . Belgian of VENASQUE
.).
  • Among the acids, one finds the ''' guignes ''' with the soft flesh, the griottes' particularly acidulous, the wild wild cherries , and cherries, three varieties:
    • the Amarelle S , primarily the Cherry of Montmorency
    • the morello cherries, whose most known morello cherry of North
    • the English cherry is the , little consumed because very sour

Production

The harvest of the fruits is done in general enters at the end of May and at the beginning of July, according to the variety S.

Use

For the food

The cherry provides 68 kcal for 100 G and contains Vitamine C and of the pro Vitamine has.

The cherries are consumed natural, with the syrup (Amarena), with brandy, in jam, pastry making, and even out of herb tea.

  • Fruit fresh, juicy, sometimes acidulous; the most appreciated are the bigarreaus, but certain varieties support the Transport badly. The cherry to be crunched must be fleshy and brilliant with a quite green stalk;
  • Preserves with the Brandy: in fact the morello cherries are appropriate best for this use;
  • Pastry making: tart, Clafoutis,…
  • Jams;
  • Drink, by Distillation or Maceration, for the preparation of the Kirsch (Alsace), of the Guignolet (Anjou) or of the Italian Marasquin (or maraschino in (Dalmatie);

There exist also local receipts:

  • macerated at least a day in red wine sweetened (Catalan receipt)
  • macerated at least three days in vinegar (without the tails) (German receipt) to accompany the jokes and hunting.

The cherry-stone contains Amygdaline

Receipt of cherries in brandy

  • To fill a bottle with morello cherries which one cut the tails to half and piqué the top of the skin with a needle.

  • To prepare sweetened brandy, with 350 grams of sugar for 1 liter of basic brandy (60°), and to pour it in the bottle containing cherries, until they are well covered.
  • To let put back cherries in brandy, for at least three months (at the cellar), before tasting them, in accompaniment of a dessert to the chocolate and of a strong coffee, “ with drinking with moderation ”.

For health

The fresh cherries hold the record in β-carotene (400 Mg for 100 G), and are very rich in Vitamine has (seen), Vitamine E (skin and blood-vessels), and are slightly laxative. They contain Sucre S (15 G for 100 G, of which the Lévulose), of the Pectine (useful for the Confiture S), of the Vitamine C and the Nitrate of potassium.

The potassium which it contains gives him of the diuretic properties and its fibers stimulate intestinal operation.

Their heating content remains reasonable to 65 to 68 kcal for 100 G.

The Stalk S, or cherry tails, prepare in Décoction - not very pleasant to drink - and are used in particular against the ignition of the urinary tracts, the Cystite, the drop and the Hydropisie.

Others

  • Cerise indicates also the fruit of the Caféier, which contains two cores, and the grains of Café, by analogy because of their red color.

  • One also speaks about Tomate cherry in connection with the varieties of Tomate S with small fruits.

  • Familiarly:

    • “to have the guigne”, it is to miss of chance,
    • “to put an icing on the cake”, it is to finish an activity,
    • “it is the icing on the cake” means (sometimes ironically) “it is the final small detail which perfect a realization”.

  • the song the time of the cherries was a long time a working revolutionary symbol extremely, and for this reason was a long time prohibited in many countries.

  • a teaching programme of assistance to research and documentation by tools Internet names (and abrévie) CHERRY, Conseils with the Students for a Search for Specialized Information Effective. You can see his presentation on line.

  • in physics, one speaks about red cherry when a metal carried with Incandescence reaches a temperature of approximately 900  °.

See too

Fruit | List of fruits

cherry|Cherry

Simple: Cherry

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